| cardiac output |
increases to a similar degree as the blood volume. During the first trimester cardiac output is 30-40% higher than in the non-pregnant state. During labor , further increases are seen with pain in response to increased catecholamine secretion; this increase can be blunted with the institution of labour analgesia . Also during labour, there is an increase in intravascular volume by 300-500 ml of blood from the contracting uterus to the venous system. ...
Ãâó: www.hon.ch/Dossier/MotherChild/preg_changes/circul...
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| cardiac output c. |
a graphic representation of cardiac output as a function of atrial pressure; it is a measure of the pumping ability of the heart under specific conditions. See also Starling c. and venous return c.
Ãâó: www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_health_library.j...
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