| 영문 | cardiac catherization | 한글 | 심장카테테르법, 심도관법 |
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| 설명 | 가느다란 관을 혈관을 통해 심장에 넣어서 여러 가지 진단에 유용한 검사를 하거나 치료를 행하는 것. |
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| 영문 | fasting blood sugar | 한글 | 공복혈당, 빈속혈당 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액속에 포함되어 있는 포도당. 뇌와 적혈구의 에너지원이 되고, 그 양은 운동, 식사 따위에 의하여 달라진다. 건강인의 아침 공복시 혈중 포도당 농도는 60~100mg/dL이지만 기타의 당질 즉 과당, 갈락토스, 5탄당은 미량이며 일반적으로 혈당일 하면 혈중포도당을 의미한다. 혈당은 생체의 에너지원으로서 가장 중요한 물질이다. 그 농도는 창자관으로부터의 흡수, 간에 있어서의 당신생과 글리코겐의 합성-분해, 말초조직의 당이용, 콩팥으로부터의 배설 등 여러 인자에의해 좌우되며 그 조절에는 자율신경과 각종 호르몬이 밀접하게 관계한다. 특히 혈당저하작용에는 인슐린이, 그리고 혈당상승작용에는 에피네프린, 글루카곤, 성장호르몬, 부신겉질호르몬, 부신겉질자극호르몬, 갑상샘 호르몬이 관계가 있으며 그것들의 대항 및 협조 작용에 의해 혈당치가 조절된다. |
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| 영문 | white blood cell(WBC), leukocyte | 한글 | 백혈구 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액내에 골수구계세포와 림프계세포, 단핵구계세포를 모두 통틀어 말한다. 백혈구의 증가가 있으면 대개 감염이 있거나, 혹은 탈수현상이 있음을 의미한다. 또한 지나친 백혈구수의 감소는 인체내 면역기능이 떨어져 있음을 의미하며, 다른 질병에 의해 나타나는 이차적인 현상이 아닌지 꼭 진단을 받아보아야 한다. |
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| 영문 | whole blood | 한글 | 전혈, 온혈액 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액의 모든 성분이 하나도 제거되지 않은 온전한 혈액. 전혈은 엄격한 무균조건하에서, 선별한 공혈자로부터 채취한 것이며, 구연산 이온이나 헤파린 같은 항응공제로 응고를 방지하여 혈액보충 목적으로 사용한다. |
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| 영문 | blood collection | 한글 | 채혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 모세관혈 : 혈구수-혈소판수 계산, 혈색소량, 혈구용적측정, 도말표본제작 등을 할때 사용된다. 귓불 또는 손가락끝바닥면을 충분히 마찰한 다음, 알코올로 소독-건조시켜서, 작은 칼 또는 종두침 혹은 1mm의 주사침으로 2~3mm의 깊이까지 찌른다. 맨처음 피방울은 닦아낸 후 다음 핏방울을 검사에 이용한다. 2. 정맥혈 : 대량의 혈액을 요하는 경우에 사용한다. 보통 (팔꿈치정중피부)주정중피정맥을 찌르며, 영유아의 경우에는 외경정맥을 선택하기도 한다. 지혈용 고무줄로 상단을 최저혈압에 상당하는 정도로 묶고, 주먹을 꼭 쥐게 하여 정맥을 노출시킨 후 멸균건조주사기를 혈관내에 삽입한다. 곧 바로 고무줄과 주먹을 풀고 채혈을 한 다음 혈액을 시험관에 넣는다. 2분이상의 정맥 울혈은 혈액성상에 변화를 가져온다. 2. 동맥혈 : 위팔동맥 또는 넙다리 동맥을 사용하여 천자부를 소독한 다음, 프로카인 국소마취를 한다. 채혈자 왼손의 가운데손가락과 둘째손가락으로 동맥을 고정하고, 주사침을 동맥에 45~65℃의 각도로 찔러 넣어 채혈 후 몸쪽동맥을 엄지손가락으로 압박하면서 주사침을 빼고, 그 뒤 5분간쯤 찌른 부위를 압박한다. |
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| CA | anterior commissure [Lat. commissura anterior]; calcium antagonist; California [rabbit]; cancer; Can... |
|---|---|
| CC | calcaneal-cuboid; calcium cyclamate; cardiac catheterization; cardiac contusion; cardiac cycle; card... |
| CD | cadaver donor; canine distemper; canine dose; carbohydrate dehydratase; carbon dioxide; cardiac dise... |
| CR | calculation rate; calculus removed; calorie-restricted; cardiac rehabilitation; cardiac resuscitatio... |
| DTI | dipyridamole-thallium imaging; Doppler tissue imaging |
| adrenal imaging | <radiology> Cortex, I-131 iodo-cholesterol, not widely used due to high rad dose and 4-15 day delayed imaging, medulla, search for pheo, MIBG (I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine) (12 Dec 1998) |
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| adrenal medullary imaging | <investigation, radiology> A nuclear scan that images the adrenal glands after a radioactive tracer is injected into the bloodstream. This test is useful in detecting a pheochromocytoma, particularly if it not within the adrenal gland. (27 Sep 1997) |
| backscattered electron imaging | <microscopy> The production of backscattered electrons from a sample varies directly with the specimen's average atomic number, higher atomic number elements produce more backscattered electrons than lower atomic number ones. Detection of Backscattered Electrons is achieved by using a donut shaped solid state saemiconductor device mounted on the bottom of the objective lens. When Backscattered Electrons strike the detector electron-hole pairs are created which are then counted. This quantity is translated into a pixel intensity and displayed on the CRT, forming the image. By splitting the detector into halves (or quadrants) differences in the signal level on the individual detector segments provide surface topography information. (05 Aug 1998) |
| bone: gallium imaging | <radiology> Increased activity in: active osteomyelitis (90% sensitivity: better than Tc-99m MDP), sarcoma, cellulitis, septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Paget disease, metastases (65% sensitivity: than for bone agents) see: gallium: indications (12 Dec 1998) |
| bright field imaging | <microscopy> An imaging mode in a transmission electron microscopy that uses only unscattered Electrons to form the image. Contrast in such an image is due entirely to mass-thickness variations in amorphous samples, and may include diffraction contrast in crystalline samples. (05 Aug 1998) |
| radionuclide imaging | Process whereby a radionuclide is injected or measured (through tissue) from an external source, and a display is obtained from any one of several rectilinear scanner or gamma camera systems. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | A special imaging technique used to image internal stuctures of the body, particularly the soft tissues. An MRI image is often superior to a normal X-ray image. It uses the influence of a large magnet to polarize hydrogen atoms in the tissues and then monitors the summation of the spinning energies within living cells. Images are very clear and are particularly good for soft tissue, brain and spinal cord, joints and abdomen. These scans may be used for detecting some cancers or for following their progress. Acronym: MRI (11 Nov 1997) |
| magnetic resonance imaging, cine | A type of imaging technique used primarily in the field of cardiology. By coordinating the fast gradient-echo mri sequence with retrospective ecg-gating, numerous short time frames evenly spaced in the cardiac cycle are produced. These images are laced together in a cinematic display so that wall motion of the ventricles, valve motion, and blood flow patterns in the heart and great vessels can be visualised. (12 Dec 1998) |
| malignant melanoma: gallium imaging | <radiology> Greater than50% sensitivity for primary and metastatic sites: 73% sensitivity if lesion is greater than 2 cm, 17% sensitivity if less than 2 cm, see: gallium: indications malignant melanoma (12 Dec 1998) |
| ratio imaging fluorescence microscopy | <procedure> A method of measurement of intracellular pH or intracellular calcium levels, using a fluorescent probe molecule (see fura-2), in which the two different excitation wavelengths are used and the emitted light levels compared. If emission at one wavelength is sensitive to the intracellular ion level and emission at the other wavelength is not, then standardisation for intracellular probe concentration, efficiency of light collection, inactivation of probe and thickness of cytoplasm can all be performed automatically. (17 Dec 1997) |
| ventilation/perfusion lung imaging | <radiology> See: ventilation agents, perfusion agents, Biello-Siegel criteria (12 Dec 1998) |
| phantoms, imaging | Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualise or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with X-ray or ultrasonic machines. (12 Dec 1998) |
| myocardial infarct imaging | <radiology> Tc-99m pyrophosphate (PYP) 20 mCi, peak abnormality 2-3 days, often falsely negative before 2 days, abnormal for 7-10 days, mechanism: calcium influx into ischemic cells, PYP incorporated into crystalline structure, analogous to hydroxyapatite see: nuclear cardiology (12 Dec 1998) |
| myocardial perfusion imaging | <radiology> (thallium scanning) thallium (Tl) 201, acts as potassium analog, dose 2.0 - 3.0 mCi at peak exercise, 4% of injected dose reaches myocardium, imaging: exercise (1-5 min), redistribution (3-4 hrs), views: anterior, LAO 45', left lateral, interpretation: normal, reversible abnormalitymost likely to be exercise-induced ischemia, nonreversible abnormalitymost likely to be prior myocardial infarction, reverse redistribution most likely to be normal areas wash out faster, lung activity most likely to be LV failure during exercise see also: dipyridamole test, nuclear cardiology (12 Dec 1998) |
| hepatobiliary imaging | <radiology> The hepatobiliary scan (Tc-99m DISIDA or MBF) is the initial procedure of choice to diagnose acute cholecystitis., Sensitivity 95% False negatives: acalculous cholecystitis, Specificity 95% False positives: non-fasting state, alcoholism, parenteral nutrition (TPN), acute pancreatitis, recent narcotic use, hepatocellular disease (12 Dec 1998) |