| 영문 | smooth muscle | 한글 | 민무늬근육, 평활근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육 중에서 가로무늬가 없는 근. 가로무늬근에 대응되는 말이다. 척추동물에서는 심장근 이외의 내장근은 모두가 민무늬근이다. 많은 내장장기의 벽에 분포되어 있으며, 대개 돌림층과 세로층의 두 층으로 배열되어 있다. 소화관이나 요관 같은 관모양의 구조에서는 꿈틀운동을 일으켜 내용물이 아래로 내려가게 하는 작용을 한다. 항문관, 위, 요도 등에서는 돌림층의 근육이 특히 두꺼워져 내용물이 내려가는 것을 조절하는 조임근육이 형성되어 있다. 혈관에는 돌림층만 있으며, 혈관을 수축하여 혈액을 쥐어짜는 작용을 한다. 또한 자율신경의 지배를 받으며, 우리의 의지와 관계없이 작용한다. |
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| 영문 | voluntary muscle | 한글 | 수의근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의지의 힘으로 움직일 수 있는 근육. 골격근 외에 피부 내의 피근, 관절주머니에 부착하고 있는 관절근 등이 여기에 속한다. 수의근의 근섬유에는 가로무늬가 있으므로 가로무늬근이라고도 하나, 심장근은 가로 무늬가 있어도 수의근이 아니므로 수의근과 가로무늬근은 동의어는 아니다. 수의근의 운동은 민무늬근보다 빠르다. 수의근이라 해도 골격근 등은 근육무리로서 움직일 수 있으나, 개개의 근육은 따로따로 마음대로 움직이게 할 수 없다. 귓바퀴근육은 사람의 경우 발육이 나빠 마음대로 움직이게 하기 어렵다. |
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| 영문 | facial muscle | 한글 | 얼굴근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴의 피부를 움직이고 이에 부착되어 있는 얼굴신경의 공급을 받는 수많은 근육을 포함하는 얼굴표정근이나 모방근. |
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| LM | lactic acid mineral [medium]; lactose malabsorption; laryngeal mask; laryngeal muscle; lateral malle... |
|---|---|
| MG | Marcus Gunn [pupil]; margin; medial gastrocnemius [muscle]; membranous glomerulonephritis; menopausa... |
| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
| PM | after death (Lat. post mortem); after noon [Lat. post meridiem]; mean pressure; pacemaker; pantomogr... |
| BDR | Back-ground Diabetic Retinopathy |
| back-pressure renal atrophy | <radiology> Caliectasis without obstruction, due to repeated episodes of obstruction, gradual loss of renal pyramids (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| back teeth | All teeth posterior to the canines. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pain, back | Symptoms in the low back can relate to the bony lumbar spine, discs between the vertebrae, ligaments around the spine and discs, spinal cord and nerves, muscles of the low back, internal organs of the pelvis and abdomen, and the skin covering the lumbar area. (12 Dec 1998) |
| regions of back | The topographical regions of the back of the trunk, including the vertebral region, sacral region, scapular region, infrascapular region, and lumbar region. Synonym: regiones dorsales. (05 Mar 2000) |
| muscles of the back | The muscles of the back in general, including those attaching the shoulder girdle to the trunk posteriorly, the posterior serratus muscles, and the erector spinae. Synonym: musculi dorsi, dorsal muscles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| poker back | Arthritis and osteitis deformans involving the spinal column; marked by nodular deposits at the edges of the intervertebral disks with ossification of the ligaments and bony ankylosis of the intervertebral articulations, it results in a rounded kyphosis with rigidity. Synonym: Bechterew's disease, poker back, Strumpell's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hog's-back | <geology> A hogback. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| hollow back | Accentuation of the lumbar curvature of the spine. (27 Sep 1997) |
| push-back procedure | A surgical manoeuvre designed to reposition the soft palate posteriorly and reestablish velopharyngeal competence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stickle-back | <zoology> Any one of numerous species of small fishes of the genus Gasterosteus and allied genera. The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and construct curious nests. Synonym: sticklebag, sharpling, and prickleback. Origin: OE. & Prov E. Stickle a prickle, spine, sting (AS. Sticel) + back. See Stick, and cf. Banstickle. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| straight back syndrome | <syndrome> Loss of the normal concavity of the thoracolumbar spine with a narrowed anteroposterior chest dimension, resulting compression of the heart between spine and sternum, and consequent prominent precordial pulsations, an ejection murmur, and radiologic evidence of a widened cardiac silhouette (pancaked heart). (05 Mar 2000) |
| superficial back muscles | Muscles originating from the vertebral column and having their fleshy bellies located in the back, but inserting onto the appendicular skeleton of the upper limb or the ribs. They are not innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves, as are the deep or true muscles of the back; includes the trapezius muscle (innervated by spinal accessory nerve) and latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, levator scapulae, and thoracic muscles (innervated by ventral primary rami of spinal nerves, or derivatives thereof). (05 Mar 2000) |
| deep muscles of back | Muscles of the back innervated by the dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves; includes erector spinae, transversospinalis, interspinal, and intertransverse muscles; excludes the superficial back muscles which are appendicular and are innervated by ventral rami, and the trapezius, innervated by the spinal accessory nerve. Synonym: true muscles of back. (05 Mar 2000) |
| diamond-back | <zoology> The salt-marsh terrapin of the Atlantic coast (Malacoclemmys palustris). Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| double back cross | A mating that is a back cross at each of two loci of interest; of special value and importance in linkage analysis. (05 Mar 2000) |