| MA | malignant arrhythmia; management and administration; mandelic acid; masseter; Master of Arts; matern... |
|---|---|
| MELAS | mitochondrial encephalomyopathy-lactic acidosis- and stroke-like symptoms [syndrome] |
| MEM | macrophage electrophoretic mobility; malic enzyme, mitochondrial; minimal essential medium |
| MEP | maximum expiratory pressure; mean effective pressure; mepiridine; mitochondrial encephalopathy; moto... |
| MF | magnetic field; meat free; medium frequency; megafarad; membrane filler; merthiolate-formaldehyde [s... |
| mitochondrial swelling | Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| disease, mitochondrial | Mutations (changes) in the mitochondrial chromosome are responsible for a number of disorders including an eye disease (Leber's hereditary optic atrophy), a type of epilepsy (called MERRF which stands for Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibres), and a cause of dementia (called MELAS for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes). All mitochondrial diseases were entirely enigmatic before it was discovered that they were due to mutations not in regular chromosomes but the mitochondrial chromosome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| DNA, mitochondrial | Double-stranded DNA of mitochondria. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial genome is circular and codes for ribosomal rnas, transfer rnas, and about 10 proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aI1 endonuclease | <enzyme> Encoded by intron ai1 from saccharomyces cerevisiae Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| Cap(m(7)GpppXm) endonuclease | <enzyme> Cleaves capped rnas to generate primers that initiate viral RNA transcription Registry number: EC 3.1.27.- Synonym: cap mgx endonuclease, decapping enzyme (26 Jun 1999) |
| VDE endonuclease | <enzyme> From saccharomyces cerevisiae; recognises an extended sequence 5'-tatsyatgyygggtgy/ggrgaarkmgkkaawgaaawg-3'; involved in nucleic acid rearrangements Registry number: EC 3.1.22.- Synonym: vma1 gene product, pi-scei endonuclease, vma1 protozyme (26 Jun 1999) |
| vsr endonuclease | <enzyme> From E coli, nicks double-stranded DNA which has been damaged to have thymidine residues mismatched to 2'-deoxyguanosine thus initiating vsp mismatch repair Registry number: EC 3.1.21.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| restriction endonuclease | <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a polypeptide that binds to the recognition site on DNA. They are often not very specific and cut at a remote site. Type II restriction endonucleases are the classic experimental tools. They have very specific recognition and cutting sites. The recognition sites are short, 4-8 nucleotides and are usually palindromic sequences. Because both strands have the same sequence running in opposite directions the enzymes make double stranded breaks, which, if the site of cleavage is off centre, generates fragments with short single stranded tails, these can hybridise to the tails of other fragments and are called sticky ends. They are generally named according to the bacterium from which they were isolated (first letter of genus name and the first two letters of the specific name). The bacterial strain is identified next and multiple enzymes are given Roman numerals. For example the two enzymes isolated from the R strain of E. Coli are designated Eco RI and Eco RII. (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction enzyme, endonuclease | A protein that recognises specific, short nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at those sites. Bacteria contain over 400 such enzymes that recognise and cut over 100 different DNA sequences. See restriction enzyme cutting site. (05 Mar 2000) |
| SanDI endonuclease | <enzyme> A type-ii restriction endonuclease; isolated from streptomyces; recognises the internally degenerate heptanucleotide sequence 5'-gggwccc-3' Registry number: EC 3.1.21.- Synonym: sandi enase (26 Jun 1999) |
| Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA endonuclease | <enzyme> Cleaves the phosphodiester bond immediately 5' of either cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidones of uv-damaged DNA Registry number: EC 3.1.25.- Synonym: uv damage endonuclease, s. Pombe DNA endonuclease, uve1 gene product, spde (26 Jun 1999) |
| SegE endonuclease | <enzyme> Site-specific endonuclease from phage t4; similar to i-tevi endonuclease Registry number: EC 3.1.25.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| spleen endonuclease | micrococcal endonuclease |
| splicing endonuclease | <enzyme> Cleaves intervening sequences of precursors trna, which are then joined by an RNA ligase Registry number: EC 3.1.27.- Synonym: pre-trna splicing endonuclease, trna splicing endonuclease, splicing endonuclease (xenopus), 3'-pre-trna endonuclease, trna-splicing endonuclease (26 Jun 1999) |
| nucleate endonuclease | A nuclease (a nucleate oligonucleotidohydrolase) that forms oligonucleotides ending in 5'-phosphates from RNA and DNA; hydrolyzes both double-stranded and single-stranded polynucleic acids. Synonym: nucleate endonuclease. (05 Mar 2000) |