| hepatojugular reflux | An elevation of venous pressure visible in the jugular veins and measurable in the veins of the arm, produced in active or impending congestive heart failure by firm pressure with the flat hand over the abdomen. Often called hepatojugular reflex when pressure is exclusively over the liver. Synonym: abdominojugular reflux. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| pyelotubular reflux | Urinary reflux from renal pelvis and calices into the collecting ducts. This is seen as a blush of the renal pyramid on voiding cystourethrography. Synonym: pyelotubular reflux. (05 Mar 2000) |
| duodenogastric reflux | Reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach. (12 Dec 1998) |
| intrarenal reflux | Urinary reflux from renal pelvis and calices into the collecting ducts. This is seen as a blush of the renal pyramid on voiding cystourethrography. Synonym: pyelotubular reflux. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oesophageal reflux | A condition wherein stomach contents regurgitate or back up (reflux) into the oesophagus (a long cylindrical tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach). The food in the stomach is partially digested by stomach acid and enzymes. Normally, the partially digested acid content in the stomach is delivered by the stomach muscle into the small intestine for further digestion. In oesophageal reflux, stomach acid content refluxes backwards up into the oesophagus, occasionally reaching the breathing passages, causing inflammation and damage to the oesophagus, as well as to the lung and larynx (the voice box). The process is medically termed gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 10% of patients with GERD develop a Barrett's oesophagus which can increase the risk of cancer of the oesophagus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ureterorenal reflux | Backward flow of urine from ureter into renal pelvis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aberrant bile ducts | Small duct's occasionally present in the ligaments of the liver or originating from the surface of the liver. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adenoma, bile duct | A benign tumour of the intrahepatic bile ducts. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bile | <gastroenterology> A greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile plays an important role in the intestinal absorption of fats. Bile is secreted by the liver and contains cholesterol, bile salts and waste products such as bilirubin. Bile salts aid in the digestion of fats. Bile passes out of the liver via the bile duct where it is stored in the gallbladder and released in response to a fat-containing meal. (27 Sep 1997) |
| bile acid 3alpha-sulfate sulfohydrolase | <enzyme> Used for determination of serum 3alpha-sulfated bile acids; converts 3alpha-sulfated bile acids into 3beta-hydroxy bile acids Registry number: EC 3.1.6.- Synonym: 3alpha-sulfated bile acid sulfohydrolase, ba-3s sulfohydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| bile acid 7alpha-dehydratase | <enzyme> Enzyme in the bacterial bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- Synonym: c24 bile acid 7alpha-dehydratase, ba7alphad, baie gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylase | <enzyme> Mechanism is questionable: cholic acid - deoxycholic acid - chenodeoxycholic acid - lithocholic acid Registry number: EC 1.14.- Synonym: 7 alpha-dehydroxylase, bile acid 7-dehydroxylase, bile acid 7-alpha-dehydroxylase, bai a1, bai a2, bai a3, cholic acid 7alpha-dehydroxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| bile acid-CoA ligase | <enzyme> Catalyses the synthesis of all bile acid-coas; in order to measure the activity of all bile acids, the bile acid is coupled with c(14)-glycine and measured with bile acid-CoA glycine-taurine n-acetyltransferase Registry number: EC 6.2.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| bile acids | Steroid acids found in bile; e.g., taurocholic and glycocholic acid's, used when biliary secretion is inadequate and for biliary colic. Their physiological roles include fat emulsification. Their synthesis is reduced in disorders of the peroxisomes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bile acids and salts | <chemical> Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics, gastrointestinal agents. (12 Dec 1998) |