| 영문 | white blood cell(WBC), leukocyte | 한글 | 백혈구 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액내에 골수구계세포와 림프계세포, 단핵구계세포를 모두 통틀어 말한다. 백혈구의 증가가 있으면 대개 감염이 있거나, 혹은 탈수현상이 있음을 의미한다. 또한 지나친 백혈구수의 감소는 인체내 면역기능이 떨어져 있음을 의미하며, 다른 질병에 의해 나타나는 이차적인 현상이 아닌지 꼭 진단을 받아보아야 한다. |
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| 영문 | mast cell | 한글 | 비만 세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 동물의 결합 조직 가운데 널리 분포하는 세포. 결합조직과 점막조직 내에 있는 호염기성 색소로 이염색성(metachromasia)을 나타내는 과립을 가진 방추형의 세포에 작은 둥근 핵을 가진다. 비만세포의 표면에는 IgE에 대한 수용체가 존재하며, 수용체에 결합한 IgE 분자들끼리 다가의 항원에 의해 서로 연결되면 비만세포 과립탈출 반응이 일어나, 히스타민, 세로토닌, 헤파린 등의 화학전달 물질이 방출되어, 즉시형 알레르기 반응 등의 증상을 일으킨다. 피부, 장막, 혈관 주위, 점막 주변에 있다. |
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| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| AITT | arginine insulin tolerance test; augmented insulin tolerance test |
|---|---|
| IRI | immunoreactive insulin; insulin resistance index |
| IRS | immunoreactive secretion; infrared spectrophotometry; insulin receptor species; insulin receptor sub... |
| IST | inappropriate sinus tachycardia; insulin sensitivity test; insulin shock therapy; International Soci... |
| MC | mass casualties; mast cell; Master of Surgery [Lat. Magister Chirurgiae]; maximum concentration; Med... |
| receptors, insulin-like-growth factor I | Specific proteins on or in cells to which insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin c) binds and thereby modifies the function of the cells. These receptors contain transmembrane and cytosolic domains, bind igf-I preferentially, and have high-affinity sites for igf-II. The alpha-subunit has a mw of 130 kD and the beta subunit possesses tyrosine kinase activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| receptors, insulin-like-growth-factor II | Specific proteins on or in cells to which insulin-like growth factor II and mannose-6-phosphate bind and thereby modify the function of the cells. These receptors have a mw of 250 kD and possess no tyrosine kinase activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| regular insulin | A rapidly acting form of insulin which is a clear solution and may be administered intravenously as well as subcutaneously; may be mixed with longer acting forms of insulin to extend the duration of effect. Onset of effect occurs in 1/2 to 1 hour, peak effects are observed in 2 to 3 hours, and the duration of effect is about 5 to 7 hours. Synonym: globin insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| regular insulin injection | A preparation that may contain 20, 40, 80, 100, or 500 USP insulin units per ml, although the trend is toward standardizing all insulin preparations at 100 units per ml; it is administered subcutaneously, occasionally intravenously, and has a rapid onset of action, has a brief duration (5 to 7 hours), and is compatible for mixing with long-acting insulin preparations; used in the treatment of diabetic acidosis and insulin coma. Synonym: regular insulin injection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| globin insulin | A rapidly acting form of insulin which is a clear solution and may be administered intravenously as well as subcutaneously; may be mixed with longer acting forms of insulin to extend the duration of effect. Onset of effect occurs in 1/2 to 1 hour, peak effects are observed in 2 to 3 hours, and the duration of effect is about 5 to 7 hours. Synonym: globin insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| globin zinc insulin | A sterile solution of insulin modified by the addition of zinc chloride and globin; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; duration of action is about 18 hours. Human insulin, a protein that has the normal structure of insulin produced by the human pancreas, prepared by recombinant DNA techniques and by semisynthetic processes. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI), that portion of insulin in blood measured by immunochemical methods for the hormone; presumed to represent the free (unbound) and biologically active fraction of total blood insulin. Isophane insulin, a modified form of insulin composed of insulin, protamine, and zinc; an intermediately acting preparation used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Synonym: NPH insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| crystalline insulin zinc suspension | A long-acting insulin suspension, obtained from beef, with an approximate time of onset of 7 hours and a duration of action of 36 hours. Synonym: crystalline insulin zinc suspension. (05 Mar 2000) |
| prompt insulin zinc suspension | Sterile suspension of insulin in buffered water for injection, modified by the addition of zinc chloride such that the solid phase of the suspension is amorphous; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; the duration of action is equivalent to that of insulin injection. Synonym: amorphous insulin zinc suspension, semilente insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| protamine zinc insulin | Insulin modified by the addition of protamine and zinc chloride; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml. (05 Mar 2000) |
| semilente insulin | Sterile suspension of insulin in buffered water for injection, modified by the addition of zinc chloride such that the solid phase of the suspension is amorphous; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; the duration of action is equivalent to that of insulin injection. Synonym: amorphous insulin zinc suspension, semilente insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | <disease> An often mild form of diabetes mellitus of gradual onset, usually in obese individuals over age 35; absolute plasma insulin levels are normal to high, but relatively low in relation to plasma glucose levels; ketoacidosis is rare, but hyperosmolar coma can occur; responds well to dietary regulation and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents, but diabetic complications and degenerative changes can develop. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nonsuppressible insulin-like activity | A blood protein (nsila) which mimics the biological activity of insulin in serum, but is not suppressed by insulin antibodies. During acid-ethanol extraction of cohn fraction III, 10% of the activity is found in the supernatant (nsila-s) and the remaining activity in the precipitate (nsila-p). The latter is a large molecular compound, much less stable than the soluble fraction. Nsila-s is a more potent growth factor than insulin and exhibits sulfation activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| NPH insulin | isophane insulin |
| diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent | Diabetes mellitus characterised by insulin deficiency, sudden onset, severe hyperglycaemia, rapid progression to ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent | Diabetes characterised by the ability to survive without ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is usually of slow onset and patients exhibit a tendency to obesity. (12 Dec 1998) |