| 영문 | fetal alcohol syndrome | 한글 | 태아알코올증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 임신기간 중 만성적으로 알코올을 섭취한 여자에게서 태어난 영아에게 나타나는 형태발생의 이상을 나타내는 증후군으로서 위턱뼈발육부전, 앞머리와 아래턱의 돌출, 짧은검열, 작은안구증, 눈구석주름, 심한 성장지연, 정신지체 등을 나타낸다. |
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| 영문 | open heart surgery | 한글 | 개심술, 심장절개술 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장의 한 개 또는 그 이상의 방실 절개하는 수술. 심방사이막결손증, 심실사이막결손증, 순수형 허파동맥판막협착증, 팔로(Fallot) 사징후 등이 적용이 된다. 이 수술을 위해서는 인공심폐장치가 필요하다. |
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| 영문 | hypertensive heart disease | 한글 | 고혈압심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 고혈압에 의해서 생기는 심장병. 고혈압심장병이라는 진단을 붙이기 위해서는 최소한 다음과 같은 조건이 부합되어야 하는데, 첫째 심장혈관계에 심장병을 유발할 수 있을 만한 다른 병변이 없이 좌심실 비대가 있어야 하며, 둘째 고혈압을 앓았다는 병력이 있어야 한다. 주로 고혈압에 의한 심장병은 초기에는 좌심실이 비후라는 것으로 특징되어진다. 즉 혈압이 높으므로 혈액을 순환시키기 위해서는 그만큼 심장의 혈액을 보내는 힘이 좋아야 한다. 그 힘을 얻기위해서는 심근의 비후가 필요로 하여 좌심실 근육의 비후가 생긴다. 그리고 고혈압이 지속이 될 경우에는 결국 심장이 제 구실을 하지 못하고 펌프로서의 기능을 잃어버리게 되어 심장기능상실에 빠지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | rheumatic heart disease | 한글 | 류마티스심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사슬알균감염 후 생기는 심장판막병이다. 원인은 A군 -용혈사슬알에 의한 인두염후 일종의 면역반응으로 발병한다. 진단은 존의 기준에 의한다. (1) 주요기준은 관절염 심장염(심장비대, 심장잡음, 심장기능상실 등) 무도증: 무당이 춤을 추는 것 같은 행동의 발작증세. 연변홍반: 빨간 테두리를 가진 피부병변은 피하결절(subcutaneous nodule): 피부 밑에 생긴 결절, (2)참고 기준은 열, 관절통, EKG상 PR연장: 심전도 소견 급성기 반응물질(예: ESR, CRP)의 상승, 류마티스열 치료는 페니실린으로 치료하고 심장의 후유증 또한 페니실린으로 예방한다. |
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| 영문 | congenital heart disease | 한글 | 선천심장병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 선천적으로 심장의 구조에 이상이 있는 병. |
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| BR | barrier reared [experimental animals]; baseline recovery; bathroom; bed rest; bedside rounds; biliru... |
|---|---|
| CPR | cardiopulmonary reserve; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; centripetal rub; cerebral cortex perfusion r... |
| CSR | central supply room; chart-stimulated recall [test]; Cheyne-Stokes respiration; continued stay revie... |
| PR | by way of the rectum [Lat. per rectum]; far point [of accommodation] [Lat. punctum remotum]; palindr... |
| FH | facial hemihyperplasia; familial hypercholesterolemia; family history; fasting hyperbilirubinemia; f... |
| average flow rate | <physiology> The flow rate determined by dividing the total volume passed in a time period divided by the time period, usually quoted in mls per minute. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| backup rate | A utility charge for providing occasional electricity service to replace on-site generation. (05 Dec 1998) |
| basal metabolic rate | <biochemistry, biology> The metabolic rate as measured under basal conditions: 12 hours after eating, after a restful sleep, no exercise or activity preceding test, elimination of emotional excitement and occurring in a comfortable temperature. Acronym: BMR (15 Nov 1997) |
| basic reproductive rate, ratio | <epidemiology> See Reproductive Ratio. (05 Dec 1998) |
| birth rate | The birth rate is usually given as the number of live births divided by the average population (or the population at midyear). This is termed the crude birth rate. In 1995, for example, the crude birth rate per 1,000 population was 14 in the United States, 16.9 in Australia, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| breathing rate | <chest medicine, clinical sign> Also referred to as the respiratory rate. Measured as the number of breaths taken every minute. Normal resting adult respiratory rates are from 16-20 breaths per minute. The normal 1 year old infant can have a respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute. Count the breaths taken in 30 seconds observing the rise and fall of the chest and then multiply this number by 2. (27 Sep 1997) |
| rate | The number of occurrences in one minute (for example respiratory rate, heart rate) (27 Sep 1997) |
| rate, basal metabolic | A measure of the rate of metabolism. For example, someone with an overly active thyroid will have an elevated basal metabolic rate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rate, birth | The birth rate is usually given as the number of live births divided by the average population (or the population at midyear). This is termed the crude birth rate. In 1995, for example, the crude birth rate per 1,000 population was 14 in the united states, 16.9 in Australia, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rate constants | Proportionality constants equal to the initial rate of a reaction divided by the concentration of the reactant(s); e.g., in the reaction A → B + C, the rate of the reaction equals -d[A]/dt = k1[A]. The rate constant k1 is a unimolecular rate constant since there is only one molecular species reacting and has units of reciprocal time (e.g., sec-1). For the reverse reaction, B + C → A, the rate equals -d[B]/dt = d[A]/dt = k2[B][C]. The rate constant k2 is a bimolecular rate constant and has units of reciprocal concentration-time (e.g., m-1 sec-1). Synonym: velocity constants. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rate, death | The number of deaths in the population divided by the average population (or the population at midyear) is the crude death rate. In 1994, for example, the crude death rate per 1,000 population was 8.8 in the united states, 7.1 in Australia, etc. A death rate can also be tabulated according to age or cause. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rate equation | A mathematical expression for a chemical, radiochemical, or enzyme-catalyzed reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rate, erythrocyte sedimentation | A sedimentation rate, or sed rate , is a blood test that detects and is used to monitor inflammation activity. It is measured by recording the rate at which red blood cells (rbcs) sediment in a tube over time. It increases (the rbcs sediment faster) with more inflammation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rate, foetal mortality | The ratio of foetal deaths divided by the sum of the births (the live births + the foetal deaths) in that year. In the united states, the foetal mortality rate plummeted from 19.2 per 1,000 births in 1950 to 9.2 per 1,000 births in 1980. (12 Dec 1998) |
| rate, infant mortality | The number of children dying under a year of age divided by the number of live births that year. The infant mortality rate in the united states, which was 12.5 per 1,000 live births in 1980, fell to 9.2 per 1,000 live births in 1990. (12 Dec 1998) |