| 영문 | acetylsalicylic acid | 한글 | 아세틸살리실산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 상품명이 아스피린(asprin)인 약. 대표적인 비스테로이드 항염약이다. 즉 항염증(anti-inflammatory), 진통(analgesis), 해열(anti-pyretic)의 효과가 모두 뛰어나지만 위장장애, 과다호흡, 라이증후군(Reye syndrome) 등의 부작용이 있다. |
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| 영문 | uric acid | 한글 | 요산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 결정성의 산. 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine. 화학식은 C5H4N4O3로 사람과 동물의 오줌에서 얻을 수 있다. 핵의 대사산물의 하나. 물, 알콜, 에테르(ether)에는 거의 녹지 않으나 알칼리염의 용액에는 녹는다. 이것의 나트륨염 형태(sodium urate)가 결석의 대부분을 차지한다. 급성백혈병 치료 초기단계와 통풍(Gout)에서 혈중요산이 급격히 오를 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast bacillus | 한글 | 항산막대균, 항산균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 아닐린 색소에 염색되기 힘드나 일단 염색되면 강산으로 처리하여도 탈색되지 아니하는 세균을 통틀어 이르는 말. 결해균, 나병균 따위가 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast staining | 한글 | 항산염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항산성성질(좀처럼 염색이 되지 않으나 한번 염색이 되면 산성용액에 의해서 탈색이 되지 않는 성질)을 가진 균(예를 들면 결핵균 등)의 검출에 이용되는 염색방법. 방법에는 Ziehl-Neelson법과 Kinyoun법 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | nucleic acid | 한글 | 핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 염기, 당, 인산으로 이루어진 뉴클레오티드가 긴 사슬 모양으로 중합된 고분자 물질. 유전이나 단백질 합성을 지배하는 중요한 물질로, 생물의 증식을 비롯한 생명 활동 유지에 중요한 작용을 한다. 구성 당인 오탄당이 리보오스인 리보핵산과 디옥시리보오스인 디옥시리보 핵산으로 나뉜다. 펜토스로서 리보스나 데옥시리보스 어느 한쪽만을 포함하며 전자를 리보핵산(RNA), 후자를 데옥시리보핵산(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이라 부른다. 모두 4종류의 유기염기에 의해 특징지어지며 아데닌, 구아닌 및 시토신은 양자에 공통이다. 티민은 DNA에, 우라실은 RNA에 포함된다. DNA는 주로 핵에 존재하며 형질유전에 그리고 RNA는 세포질속에서 단백질 합성에 관여한다. 섭취된 핵산은 소화관에서 구성분자로까지 가수분해되어 흡수된다. |
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| polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic | <chemical> A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odour characteristic of most substances of this nature. Pharmacological action: carcinogens. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| hydrocarbons, aromatic | Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. They are unsaturated hexagonal ring structures with a closed conjugated system of double bonds that gives them the characteristic chemical properties of the parent aromatic hydrocarbon, benzene. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosylmethionine decarboxylase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of s-adenosyl-l-methionine to yield 5'-deoxy-(5'-),3-aminopropyl-(1), methylsulfonium salt. It is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of spermidine from putrescine. Chemical name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine carboxy-lyase Registry number: EC 4.1.1.50 (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha-ketoarginine decarboxylase | <enzyme> Alpha-ketoarginine gives gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- Synonym: alpha keto-arginine decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aspartate 1-decarboxylase | <enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the alpha-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining gaba levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on l-cysteate, l-cysteine sulfinate, and l-aspartate. Chemical name: L-Glutamate-1-carboxy-lyase Registry number: EC 4.1.1.15 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aspartate 4-decarboxylase | Aspartate beta-decarboxylase;a carboxy-lyase converting l-aspartate to l-alanine (releasing CO2); it decarboxylates aminomalonate and (in bacteria) removes SO2 from cysteinesulfinate. See: desulfinase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase | <enzyme> Forms beta-alanine Registry number: EC 4.1.1.11 Synonym: aspartate 1-decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase | <enzyme> Nspc protein isolated from vibrio alginolyticus; genbank d31783 Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- Synonym: cans dc, nspc gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| malonate saemialdehyde decarboxylase | <enzyme> Forms acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| glutaconyl CoA decarboxylase | <enzyme> Forms crotonyl CoA Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- Synonym: glutaconyl coenzyme a decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| glutamate decarboxylase | <enzyme> A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyses the alpha-decarboxylation of l-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining gaba levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on l-cysteate, l-cysteine sulfinate, and l-aspartate. Chemical name: L-Glutamate-1-carboxy-lyase Registry number: EC 4.1.1.15 (12 Dec 1998) |
| methionine decarboxylase | <enzyme> From fern dryopteris filix-mas; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate required for activity; converts methionine to 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde Registry number: EC 4.1.1.57 Synonym: l-methionine decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| histidine decarboxylase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine and carbon dioxide. It requires pyridoxal phosphate in animal tissues, but not in microorganisms. Chemical name: L-Histidine carboxy-lyase Registry number: EC 4.1.1.22 (12 Dec 1998) |
| pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase | <enzyme> Chemical name: mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase Registry number: EC 4.1.1.33 Synonym: mevpp decarboxylase, mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase, diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| pyruvate decarboxylase | <enzyme> Catalyses the decarboxylation of an alpha keto acid to an aldehyde and carbon dioxide. Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor. In lower organisms, which ferment glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide, the enzyme irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde. Registry number: EC 4.1.1.1 (12 Dec 1998) |