| alpha glucosidase | <enzyme> An enzyme which removes the last 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residue from the nonreducing end of a long chain (or polymer) of such residues, making an alpha-D-glucose molecule out of it in the process. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| alpha granule | A granule of an alpha cell that was named as the first of several kinds or because it was acidophilic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha helix | <molecular biology> A particular helical folding of the polypeptide backbone in protein molecules (both fibrous and globular), in which the carbonyl oxygens are all hydrogen bonded to amide nitrogen atoms three residues along the chain. The translation of amino acid residues along the long axis is 0.15 nm and the rotation per residue, 100 |
| alpha interferon | <cytokine> Interferon which is released by leukocytes in response to a viral infection. A protein cytokine that is used as an anticancer agent. (15 Nov 1997) |
| alpha methyl dopa | <drug> An antihypertensive drug, preferred in pregnant patients. (18 Nov 1997) |
| alpha mucase | <chemical> Combination of mucopolysaccharidases and chymotrypsin (26 Jun 1999) |
| alpha particle | <physics> A radioactive particle made up of two protons and two neutrons, these particles are created by the decay of a radioactive material or by nuclear bombardment, and they are the same as the nucleus of a helium-4 atom. (09 Oct 1997) |
| alpha particles | Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, i.e., helium nuclei, emitted during disintegration of very heavy isotopes; a beam of alpha particles or an alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha radiation | <physics, radiobiology> The most easily absorbable type of radiation, it consists of a stream of alpha particles, doubly ionised helium nuclei which are electrically charged and produce intense ionisation in matter. Alpha radiation can be deflected in electromagnetic fields. (09 Oct 1997) |
| alpha ray | <physics> A radioactive particle made up of two protons and two neutrons, these particles are created by the decay of a radioactive material or by nuclear bombardment, and they are the same as the nucleus of a helium-4 atom. (09 Oct 1997) |
| alpha rhythm | Brain waves in the encephalogram which have a frequency of 8 to 13 per second. They are typical of the normal person awake and in a quiet resting state, and occur principally in the occipital region. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha substance | A filamentous plasmatic material, beaded with granules, demonstrable by means of vital staining in the immature red blood cells. Synonym: alpha substance, filar mass, filar substance, substantia reticularis, substantia reticulofilamentosa. Synonym: reticular formation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Alpha tests | A set of paper and pencil-administered mental tests first used in the United States Army in 1917-1918 to determine the mental ability of literate recruits; the set includes 8 different types of tests: i.e., directions, arithmetical problems, practical judgement, synonyms and antonyms, disarrayed sentences, number series completions, analogies, and information; they are designed especially for testing large groups of individuals simultaneously, and for rapid machine scoring; distinguished from the Army Beta tests, a complementary set for administration to recruits who could not read or write English, in which the instructions are given in signs and the test material is pictorial. See: Beta tests. Synonym: Army Alpha tests. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha thalassaemia | <haematology> A condition characterised by the reduced synthesis of the alpha chain of haemoglobin due to abnormality in one of two or more genes that code for the synthesis of alpha-globin chains. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anaemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted. Heterozygous state: severe type, thalassaemia minor with 5 to 15% of Hb Barts at birth, only traces of Hb Barts in adult; mild type, 1 to 2% of Hb Barts at birth, not detectable in adult. Homozygous state: severe type, erythroblastosis foetalis and foetal death, only Hb Barts and Hb H present; mild type not clinically defined. See: haemoglobin H. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha units | Cytoplasmic glycogen granules arranged in rosettes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adrenergic alpha-antagonists | Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| androstenedione 17-alpha-oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Forms epitestosterone; was mapped to testosterone dehydrogenases (85-93); index medicus see under 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (85-90) Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- Synonym: steroid 17alpha oxidoreductase, androstenedione 17-oxidoreductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| aryl-alpha-mannosidase | <enzyme> Act on p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-mannopyranoside Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- Synonym: aryl-alpha-mannosidase a, aryl-alpha-mannosidase b (26 Jun 1999) |
| aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase | <enzyme> Forms beta-alanine Registry number: EC 4.1.1.11 Synonym: aspartate 1-decarboxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| beta-D-galactoside alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase | <enzyme> Catalyses the reaction of cmp-n-acetylneuraminate and galactosylglycoprotein to yield cmp and n-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglycoprotein; cd75 and cd75w antigen were removed as sys - it is not equivalent to the enzyme. Registry number: EC 2.4.99.1 Synonym: cmp-n-acetylneuraminate-d-galactosyl-glycoprotein n-acetylneurainyltransferase, cmp-n-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase, beta-galactosyl(1-4)n-acetylglucosaminide alpha(2-6)-sialyltransferase, gal-glcnac(2-6)-sialyltransferase, cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid-lactose sialytransferase, cmp-acetylneuraminate galactoside (alpha 2-6)-sialyltransferase, cmp-n-acetylneuraminate-galactosylglycoprotein sialyltransferase, alpha 2-6-sialyltransferase, cmp-sialic acid-n-acetyllactosaminide alpha (2-6)-sialyltransferase, cmp-neuac-galactoside (alpha 2-6)-sialyltransferase, gal-1-4-glcnac alpha(2-6)-sialyltransferase, siat-1, beta-galctoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase | <enzyme> Transfers sialic acid residue from cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor galactoside Registry number: EC 2.4.99.4 Synonym: alpha 2-3-sialyltransferase, cmp-neuac-galactoside (alpha 2-3)-sialyltransferase, cmp-angs-transferase, cmp n-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, cmpsialic acid beta-galactosyl-1-3-n-acetylgalactosaminide alpha 2-3-sialyltransferase, beta-d-galactoside 3-alpha-sialyltransferase, cmp-acetylneuraminate-galactoside (alpha 2-3)-sialyltransferase, asialofetuin sialyltransferase, gal beta1,3galnac alpha2,3-sialyltransferase, cmp-neu5ac-gal beta1-3galnac alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, cmp-neu5ac-gal1-3galnac alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase, alpha-2,3-st(o) (26 Jun 1999) |
| beta-galactosyl(1-3)N-acetylglucosaminide alpha(2-3)-sialyltransferase | <enzyme> Found in rat liver golgi apparatus Registry number: EC 2.4.99.- Synonym: gal-1-3-glcnac-sialyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| beta-glucosyl-hydroxymethylcytosine-alpha-glucosyltransferase | <enzyme> Generates gentobiosyl groups on the hydroxymethylcytosine of phage t2 and t6 DNA Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- Synonym: b-glc-hmc-a-glucosyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylase | <enzyme> Mechanism is questionable: cholic acid - deoxycholic acid - chenodeoxycholic acid - lithocholic acid Registry number: EC 1.14.- Synonym: 7 alpha-dehydroxylase, bile acid 7-dehydroxylase, bile acid 7-alpha-dehydroxylase, bai a1, bai a2, bai a3, cholic acid 7alpha-dehydroxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| galactosyl(alpha 1-4)galactosylceramide galactosyl hydrolase | <enzyme> Active in pH 3.0 component of human plasma (pn-a-2); greatly decreased in fabry's disease Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- Synonym: digalactosylceramidase (26 Jun 1999) |
| maltobionate alpha-glucosidase | <enzyme> An intracellular enzyme capable of hydrolyzing maltobionic acid; from alkalophilic bacillus sp. N-1053 Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- Synonym: maltobionate alpha-d-glucohydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| mannosylglycoprotein alpha-1,2-galactosyltransferase | <enzyme> From schizosaccharomyes pompe golgi apparatus; transfers galactose from udpgal to form an alpha 1,2-galactosyl mannoside linkage Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- Synonym: man-1,2-galt (26 Jun 1999) |
| mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase | <enzyme> Cleaves off terminal alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues resulting in the oligosaccharide man(9)glcnac(2) Registry number: EC 3.2.1.113 Synonym: alpha-d-mannosidase I, mannosidase I, man9-mannosidase, man9-alpha-mannosidase, alpha 1,2-mannosidase, 1,2-alpha-d-mannosidase, msds protein (26 Jun 1999) |
| mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,3 - 1,6-alpha-mannosidase | <enzyme> Removes alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,6-mannosyl residues during post-translational modification of glycoproteins; amino acid sequence of gmii (drosophila) given in second source; genbank x77652 Registry number: EC 3.2.1.114 Synonym: mannosidase II, alpha-d-mannosidase II, 1,3-(1,6-)mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-d-mannohydrolase, golgi alpha-mannosidase II, gmii gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| gene rearrangement, alpha-chain T-cell antigen receptor | Ordered rearrangement of T-cell variable gene regions coding for the alpha-chain of antigen receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |