| adenosine cyclic phosphate | An activator of phosphorylase kinase and an effector of other enzymes, formed in muscle from ATP by adenylate cyclase and broken down to 5'-AMP by a phosphodiesterase; sometimes referred to as the "second messenger." A related compound (2',3') is also known. Synonym: cyclic adenylic acid, cyclic AMP, cyclic phosphate. Acronym: cAMP (05 Mar 2000) |
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| adenosine deaminase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of adenosine to inosine with the elimination of ammonia. Since there are wide tissue and species variations in the enzyme, it has been used as a tool in the study of human and animal genetics and in medical diagnosis. Chemical name: Adenosine aminohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.5.4.4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine diphosphate | <biochemistry> ADP is used as an adenine, a ribose and a diphosphate unit. (06 May 1997) |
| adenosine diphosphate glucose | <chemical> Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants. Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl ester (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine diphosphate ribose | <chemical> Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate),5'-5-ester with d-ribose. An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of ribose and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate. Serves as a ribose carrier. Chemical name: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-5-ester with D-ribose (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine diphosphate ribose cyclase | <enzyme> Catalyses conversion of nadp to 2'-phospho-cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose; do not use for formation of cyclic adpribose (see ADP-ribosyl cyclase) Registry number: EC 4.6.- Synonym: 2'-p-adpr cyclase (26 Jun 1999) |
| adenosine diphosphate sugars | Esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine diphosphoglucose glucohydrolase | <enzyme> Splits adpglucose to ADP and glucose Registry number: EC 3.1.4.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| adenosine kinase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. Chemical name: ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.1.20 (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine monophosphate | <chemical> Adenylic acid. Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. Chemical name: 5'-Adenylic acid (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine nucleosidase | <enzyme> An enzyme hydrolyzing adenosine to adenine and d-ribose. Synonym: adenosinase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adenosine tetraphosphatase | <enzyme> Catalyses hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate to yield nucleoside triphosphate and orthophosphate; isolated from seeds of yellow lupin lupinus luteus Registry number: EC 3.6.1.14 Synonym: p4a phosphohydrolase, adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate phosphohydrolase, nucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate phosphohydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| adenosine tetraphosphate | A condensation product of adenosine with tetraphosphoric acid at the 5' position. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adenosine triphosphatase | <enzyme> A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with another function such as transporting calcium across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on calcium, magnesium, anions, h+, or DNA. Chemical name: ATP phosphohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.6.1.3 (12 Dec 1998) |
| adenosine triphosphate | <biochemistry> A nucleotide present in all living cells which serves as an energy source for many metabolic processes and is required for ribonucleic acid synthesis. (06 May 1997) |