| haemoglobinuric nephrosis | Acute oliguric renal failure associated with haemoglobinuria, due to massive intravascular haemolysis, e.g., following an incompatible blood transfusion; the kidneys show the morphologic changes of hypoxic nephrosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| hypoxic nephrosis | Acute oliguric renal failure following haemorrhage, burns, shock, or other causes of hypovolaemia and reduced renal blood flow; frequently associated with patchy tubular necrosis, tubulorrhexis, and distal tubular casts of haemoglobin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nephrosis | A type of nephritis that is characterised by low serum albumin, large amount of protein in the urine and swelling (oedema). Swelling, weight gain, high blood pressure and anorexia are key features. Nephrotic syndrome can be seen with a number of illness that cause damage to the kidney glomerulus. Examples include diabetes, hereditary disorders, lupus, multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease and membranous glomerulonephritis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| nephrosis, lipoid | Glomerular disease causing heavy proteinuria characterised by absence of obvious histologic glomerular changes on light microscopy. It is also called minimal change glomerular disease and minimal lesion glomerulonephritis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| osmotic nephrosis | Swelling of renal tubular epithelium associated with glomerular filtration of sugars and dextrose; the swelling is due to formation of cytoplasmic vesicles by pinocytosis, and is reversible, probably with no dysfunction, when produced by glucose or mannitol. (05 Mar 2000) |
| toxic nephrosis | Acute oliguric renal failure due to chemical poisons, septicaemia, or bacterial toxaemia; frequently associated with extensive necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules. (05 Mar 2000) |
| familial nephrosis | The nephrotic syndrome appearing in sibs in infancy, without nerve deafness. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lipoid nephrosis | <nephrology> A disorder of the kidneys which largely affects the glomerulus, the blood filtering structure. This disorder is one common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children affecting 2 to 3 children per 100,000 population under age 16 in the us. Minimal change disease is also seen rarely in adults. The cause is unknown but may be related to an autoimmune illness. Risk factors include a history for a immune disorder, recent immunisation or a bee sting. Diagnosis is made by renal biopsy. Treatment include systemic corticosteroids which are usually quite effective in curing this disease. Other medications include chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide. In most cases, a moderate protein diet (1 gram protein per Kg body weight per day) will be recommended. Salt (sodium) restriction can be helpful to reduce swelling and vitamin D is usually supplemented. (27 Sep 1997) |
| lower nephron nephrosis | An obsolete term for acute tubular necrosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abdomen, acute | Clinical syndrome characterised by abdominal pain of great severity associated with other symptoms and signs, usually those of acute peritonitis, which might well be the result of a ruptured abdominal viscus or a similar abdominal catastrophe requiring urgent surgical operation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acute | 1. Sharp, poignant. 2. Having a short and relatively severe course. Origin: L. Acutus = sharp (18 Nov 1997) |
| acute abdomen | Any serious acute intra-abdominal condition (such as appendicitis) attended by pain, tenderness, and muscular rigidity, and for which emergency surgery must be considered. Synonym: surgical abdomen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute abscess | A recently formed abscess with little or no fibrosis in the wall of the cavity. Synonym: hot abscess. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute adrenal crisis | <endocrinology> An abrupt life-threatening state which is caused by insufficient production of cortisol by the adrenal gland. A typical finding in Addison's disease. Individuals who have been taking corticosteroids (glucocorticoids) for a prolonged period of time (weeks to months) are at risk for acute adrenal crisis if the medication is stopped abruptly. For this reason, corticosteroid medication are withdrawn slowly on a diminishing dosing schedule. Symptoms include low blood pressure (shock), weakness, headache, vomiting, fever chills, tachycardia and sweating. Treatment includes blood pressure support and intravenous hydrocortisone. (27 Sep 1997) |
| acute adrenocortical insufficiency | Severe adrenocortical insufficiency when an intercurrent illness or trauma causes an increased demand for adrenocortical hormones in a patient with adrenal insufficiency due to disease or use of relatively large amounts of similar hormones as therapy; characterised by nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and frequently hyperthemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, and hypoglycaemia; can be fatal if untreated. Synonym: addisonian crisis, adrenal crisis, Bernard-Sergent syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |