| 영문 | aplastic anemia | 한글 | 재생불량빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 재생불량성 빈혈이란 골수의 이상으로 생기는 빈혈이다. 골수란 뼈속에 존재하는 것으로 혈구를 생성하는 세포들과 미성숙한 혈구들로 이루어져 있다. 이것들이 여러 가지 원인에 의해서 파괴되었을 때 생기는 빈혈을 재생불량빈혈이라고 한다. 그러므로 적혈구만의 감소가 아니라 모든 혈구 세포의 감소를 볼 수 있다. 치료로는 혈구 생성을 자극하는 호르몬을 투여하는 것이 있지만 이것으로는 파괴된 혈구를 생성하는 세포의 재생이 일어나지 못하므로 완전한 치료라고는 볼 수가 없다. 완전한 치료로는 남의 골수를 채취해서 이것에서부터 혈구를 생성하는 세포를 분리, 환자에게 이식하는 골수이식이 있다. |
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| 영문 | iron deficiency anemia | 한글 | 철결핍빈혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 적혈구의 기능은 산소를 운반하는데 있다. 적혈구 속에 산소와 결합을 하여 산소를 운반하는 혈색소라는 물질이 있다. 철은 이 혈색소의 중요한 부분을 이루는 것으로 철이 없으면 혈색소가 만들어질 수가 없다. 혈색소가 없으면 역시 적혈구도 만들어지지 않으므로 체내에 철이 부족하면 빈혈이 생긴다. 이 철결핍성 빈혈은 빈혈의 원인 중에서 가장 흔한 것이다(약 25%를 차지한다). 철저장량의 저하-결핍, 혈청철농도의 저하, 트란스페린량 상승, 트란스페린포화도의 저하, 혈색소농도 또는 헤마토크리트의 저하, 저색소성대적혈구를 특징으로 하는 빈혈로서, 생체 내에서 철이 장기에 걸쳐 결핍되며 그 때문에 혈색소 생산 감소에 의해 일어난다. 창자에서의 철흡수량 부족, 철의 수요 증대(유아기, 사춘기, 임신), 철소실과잉(출혈)에 의해 일어나며, 특히 사춘기에서 폐경기까지의 여성에게 많다. 증상으로서는 얼굴창백, 피로감, 피부창백, 손톱 변화(스푼 모양) 등을 나타낸다. 구강 영역에서는 혀의 접촉통, 발적, 건조감, 삼킴곤란을 수반하면 플러머-빈슨(Plummer-Vinson)증후군이라고 한다. 혈액 소견은 혈청철은 저하하며, 철결합능력의 상승, 저색소성 작은적혈구성을 나타낸다. |
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| acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia | Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterised by hypogammaglobulinaemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| acquired ichthyosis | A thickening and scaling of the skin associated with some malignant diseases (e.g., Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma), leprosy, and severe nutritional deficiencies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired immunity | <immunology> A form of cellular defense which identifies certain foreign substances (antigens) as harmful to the body. For this reason, the body can acquire resistance to a particular foreign agent. These foreign agents are then attacked by sensitised T lymphocytes (cellular immunity). White blood cells, plasma cells, B lymphocytes and other specialised immune system cells act in concert with T lymphocytes to produce antibodies (humoral immunity) that attach to the antigen directing T-cells to attack. Antibodies also stimulate the release of special chemical mediators in the blood (for example complement, interferon) that further enhance antigen destruction. (13 Nov 1997) |
| acquired immunodeficiency disease | Acquired immunodeficiency disease: Disease caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (12 Dec 1998) |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | <immunology, syndrome> An epidemic disease caused by an infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1, HIV-2), a retrovirus that causes immune system failure and debilitation and is often accompanied by infections such as tuberculosis. AIDS is spread through direct contact with bodily fluids. Acronym: AIDS (10 May 1997) |
| acquired leukoderma | <dermatology> This disorder is characterised by regions of otherwise normal skin of nonpigmented white patches of varied sizes, often symmetrically distributed and usually bordered by hyperpigmented areas. Hair in the affected areas is usually, but not always, white. (27 Sep 1997) |
| acquired leukopathia | <dermatology> This disorder is characterised by regions of otherwise normal skin of nonpigmented white patches of varied sizes, often symmetrically distributed and usually bordered by hyperpigmented areas. Hair in the affected areas is usually, but not always, white. (27 Sep 1997) |
| acquired megacolon | Megacolon occurring on the basis of an acquired disease; occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (toxic megacolon) and Chagas' disease (South American trypanosomiasis). (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired methemoglobinaemia | Methemoglobinaemia caused by various chemical agents, such as nitrites. Synonym: enterogenous methemoglobinaemia, secondary methemoglobinaemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired mutation | A change in a gene or chromosome that occurs in a single cell after the conception of the individual. That change is then passed along to all cells descended from that cell. Acquired mutations are involved in the development of cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acquired nevus | A melanocytic nevus that is not visible at birth, but appears in childhood or adult life. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired pellicle | A thin film (about 1 um), derived mainly from salivary glycoproteins, which forms over the surface of a cleansed tooth crown when it is exposed to the saliva. Synonym: acquired cuticle, acquired enamel cuticle, brown pellicle, posteruption cuticle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired platelet function defect | <haematology> Platelet function can be affected by a number of different disease processes including polycythaemia vera, leukaemia, myelofibrosis, renal failure, multiple myeloma and some medications (for example penicillins, salicylates, phenothiazines). Disturbed blood clotting can be manifested by: easy bruising, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, abnormal vaginal bleeding, rectal bleeding, skin rash, vomiting blood, coughing up blood or blood in the urine. A measure of bleeding time and coagulation profile will be part of the evaluation. (29 Dec 1997) |
| acquired reflex | A reflex that is gradually developed by training and association through the frequent repetition of a definite stimulus. See: conditioning. Synonym: acquired reflex, behaviour reflex, trained reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired sensitivity | 1. <immunology> A state of hypersensitivity induced by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen) resulting in harmful immunologic reactions on subsequent exposures, the term is usually used to refer to hypersensitivity to an environmental antigen (atopic allergy or contact dermatitis) or to drug allergy. The original meaning, now obsolete, included all states of altered immunologic reactivity, immunity as well as hypersensitivity. Gell and Coombs used the term allergic reaction to mean any harmful immunologic reaction causing tissue injury. 2. <study> The medical specialty dealing with diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders. (18 Nov 1997) |