| 영문 | acetic acid | 한글 | 아세트산, 초산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 분자식은 C2H4O2, 분자량 60.05의 저급 지방산이다. CH3COOH의 구조식을 가진 무색액체로 16.7℃에서 녹고 118.0℃에서 끓는다. 식초의 신맛을 내는 것이고, 농축된 것을 빙초산이라 한다. 상온에서는 액체이며 수용액은 약산성이다. 생체내에서는 일반적으로 아세틸 CoA로 존재하며 아세틸기의 공급원이 되는 외에 지방산이나 스테로이드 등의 생성재료로 중요하다. 아세틸 CoA로부터는 케톤체가 합성되며 조직의 에너지원이 된다. |
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| 영문 | acetylsalicylic acid | 한글 | 아세틸살리실산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 상품명이 아스피린(asprin)인 약. 대표적인 비스테로이드 항염약이다. 즉 항염증(anti-inflammatory), 진통(analgesis), 해열(anti-pyretic)의 효과가 모두 뛰어나지만 위장장애, 과다호흡, 라이증후군(Reye syndrome) 등의 부작용이 있다. |
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| 영문 | uric acid | 한글 | 요산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 결정성의 산. 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine. 화학식은 C5H4N4O3로 사람과 동물의 오줌에서 얻을 수 있다. 핵의 대사산물의 하나. 물, 알콜, 에테르(ether)에는 거의 녹지 않으나 알칼리염의 용액에는 녹는다. 이것의 나트륨염 형태(sodium urate)가 결석의 대부분을 차지한다. 급성백혈병 치료 초기단계와 통풍(Gout)에서 혈중요산이 급격히 오를 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast bacillus | 한글 | 항산막대균, 항산균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 아닐린 색소에 염색되기 힘드나 일단 염색되면 강산으로 처리하여도 탈색되지 아니하는 세균을 통틀어 이르는 말. 결해균, 나병균 따위가 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast staining | 한글 | 항산염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항산성성질(좀처럼 염색이 되지 않으나 한번 염색이 되면 산성용액에 의해서 탈색이 되지 않는 성질)을 가진 균(예를 들면 결핵균 등)의 검출에 이용되는 염색방법. 방법에는 Ziehl-Neelson법과 Kinyoun법 등이 있다. |
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| RND | Radical Neck Dissection |
|---|---|
| AFR | aqueous flare response; ascorbic free radical |
| ERM | electrochemical relaxation method; extended radical mastectomy |
| FR | failure rate; film-screen radiograph; fasciculus retroflexus; febrile reaction; feedback regulation;... |
| FRAT | free radical assay technique |
| modified radical mastectomy | <procedure, surgery> The most common type of mastectomy. Breast skin, nipple, areola and underarm lymph nodes are removed. The chest muscles are saved. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| colour radical | The part of a visibly coloured molecule responsible for light absorption over a range of wavelengths thus giving rise to the colour. By extension the term may be applied to UV or IR absorbing parts of molecules. Do not confuse with chromatophores. (18 Nov 1997) |
| hydroxyl radical | <chemical> Hydroxyl. The univalent radical oh. This radical is characteristic of hydroxides, oxygen acids, alcohols, glycols, phenols, and hemiacetals. Chemical name: Hydroxyl (12 Dec 1998) |
| oxygen radical | <chemistry> Any oxygen species that carries an unpaired electron (except free oxygen). Examples are the hydroxyl radical and the superoxide anion. These radicals are very powerful oxidizing agents and cause structural damage to proteins and nucleic acids. They mediate the damaging effects of ionising radiation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| extended radical mastectomy | Excision of the entire breast including the nipple, areola, and overlying skin, as well as the pectoral muscles and the lymphatic-bearing tissues of the axilla and chest wall and internal mammary chain of lymph nodes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| free radical | A chemically active atom or molecular fragment containing a chemical charge due to an excess or deficient number of electrons. Radicals seek to receive or release electrons in order to achieve a more stable configuration, a process that can damage the large molecules within cells. See: Oxidation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| free radical reductase | <enzyme> Catalyses conversion of carbon-centreed lipid radicals into an inactive species by utilizing vitamin e at one end and glutathione at the other Registry number: EC 1.8.4.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| free radical scavengers | Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Rambourg's chromic acid-phosphotungstic acid stain | <technique> A stain for glycoproteins, used with an electron microscope, with which ultrathin tissue sections reveal complex carbohydrates in the same locations as shown by Rambourg's periodic acid-chromic methenamine-silver stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| a1-acid glycoprotein | <biology> Plasma protein of mammals and birds, 38% carbohydrate. In humans a single chain glycoprotein of 39 kD. Increased levels are associated with inflammation, pregnancy and various diseases. (18 Nov 1997) |
| abscisic acid | <biochemistry> A lipid hormone that inhibits cell growth in plants, it is associated with fruit drop, leaf death and seed dormancy. It is synthesised in the plastids from carotenoids. This hormone helps plants deal with water loss, and its effects can be reversed with gibberellins. (06 May 1997) |
| abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase | <enzyme> Catalyses conversion of abscisic acid to 8'-hydroxyabscisic acid, which rearranges to phaseic acid Registry number: EC 1.14.99.- Synonym: aba 8'-hydroxylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| acetic acid | <chemical> The acid most commonly associated with vinegar, it is the most commercially important organic acid and is used to manufacture a wide range of chemical products, such as plastics and Acetobacter but, except for making vinegar, is usually made through synthetic processes. Derivatives of acetic acid which may be formed by substitution reactions. Mono- and di-substituted, as well as, halogenated compounds have been synthesised. Experimentally, alpha- and n2- substituted acetic acids have been examined for their anti-inflammatory activity and effect on the central nervous system respectively. Additionally, limited exposure data has been collected on dibromo and dichloroacetic acids to determine whether they pose health effects. Synonym: ethanoic acid. (26 Jun 1999) |
| acetoacetic acid | CH3COCH2COOH;one of the ketone bodies, formed in excess and appearing in the urine in starvation or diabetes. Synonym: diacetic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetohydroxamic acid | C2H5NO2; N-Hydroxyacetamide;an inhibitor of urease, used as adjunctive therapy in chronic urea-splitting urinary infections. (05 Mar 2000) |