| 영문 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 한글 | 결핵균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 미코박테륨속의 사람 결핵을 일으키는 균이다. 1882년 코흐(Koch)에 의해 발견되었다. 그램양성 산소성 막대균이며 0.3~0.6×2~4μm, 무아포, 항산성이다. 항산, 항알칼리, 항알코올, 소독제에 저항한다. 저항력과 번식력이 강하여 전염성이 높으나 건조, 열, 햇빛에는 약하다. 세포벽에는 다량의 지방질이 포함되어 있다. 니아신검사는 사람형 결핵균만 양성이며 이것은 감별에 도움이 된다. 감염은 비말감염이고 폐결핵이 많지만 혈행 속에 들어가면 모든 장기에 결핵을 일으킨다. 특유한 결핵결절을 형성한다. 결핵의 진단에는 트베르쿨린 반응이 사용되며 예방에는 비씨지(BCG) 접종이 실시된다. 면역은 세포성 면역이며 큰포식세포의 활성화로 인해 균의 증식이 억제된다. |
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| 영문 | hepatic portal system | 한글 | 간문맥계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 위, 작은창자이나 큰창자에서 영양분을 흡수하기 위한 모세혈관조직은 모두 간으로 연결된다. 즉 소화기에 흡수한 영양분이 가득한 피는 모두 간으로 연결되는데 이것을 문맥계라고 한다. |
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| 영문 | system | 한글 | 계, 계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인체를 구성하는 계는 다음과 같이 구분된다. 1) 심장혈관계통(cardiovascular system) 2) 호흡기계(respiratory system) 3) 소화기계(digeshive system) 4) 비뇨기계(urinary system) 5) 생식기계(genital system) 6) 혈액계(hematologic system) 7) 내분비계(endocrine system) 8) 신경계(nervous system) 9) 골격계(skeletal system) 10) 근육계(muscular system) 11) 피부계(integumentary system). |
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| 영문 | musculoskeletal System | 한글 | 근골격계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육과 이들 근육이 붙어서 같이 활동을 수행하는 골격(뼈를 통털어 말함)을 함께 부르는 말. 따라서 여기의 근육은 모두 가로무늬근에 속하며, 수의적으로 움직일 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | muscular system | 한글 | 근육계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육에 의해 이루어진 하나의 계통을 임의적으로 나누어 부른 말. |
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| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System; |
|---|---|
| ANS | acanthion; American Nutrition Society; 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid; anterior nasal spine; ... |
| CANS | central auditory nervous system |
| CNS | central nervous system; clinical nurse specialist; coagulase-negative staphylococci; congenital neph... |
| CNS-L | central nervous system leukemia |
| metameric nervous system | That part of the nervous system which innervates body structures developed in ontogeny from the segmentally arranged somites or, in the head region, branchial arches. The term implies reference to the neural mechanisms intrinsic to the spinal cord and brainstem (represented by the sensory nuclei, motoneuronal cell groups, and their associated interneurons in the reticular formation); by strict definition it should exclude the autonomic nervous system. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| pulmonary branch of autonomic nervous system | Pulmonary branches of cardiac plexuses and cardiaopulmonary splanchnic nerves. Synonym: rami pulmonales systematis autonomici. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous system | The entire integrated system of nerve tissue in the body: the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. (16 Dec 1997) |
| nervous system abnormalities | Congenital structural abnormalities of the nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nervous system, autonomic | Part of the nervous system once thought functionally independent of the brain. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g., of the gut), and glands. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: (1) the sympathetic nervous system, which accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure; and (2) the parasympathetic nervous system, which slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nervous system, parasympathetic | A part of the nervous system that slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system together with the sympathetic nervous system (that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure) constitute the autonomic nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nervous system physiology | Functions and activities of the nervous system as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the central nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nervous system, sympathetic | A part of the nervous system that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system together with the parasympathetic nervous system (that slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles) constitute the autonomic nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sympathetic nervous system | <anatomy, physiology> One of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post ganglionic neurotransmitter. (19 Jan 1998) |
| system, parasympathetic nervous | : A part of nervous system that slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. The parasympathetic nervous system together with the sympathetic nervous system (that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure) constitute the autonomic nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| system, sympathetic nervous | A part of nervous system that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. The sympathetic nervous system together with the parasympathetic nervous system (that slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles) constitute the autonomic nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| involuntary nervous system | <anatomy> Neurons that are not under conscious control, comprising two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g., of the gut), and glands. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: 1. The sympathetic nervous system that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. 2. The parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. (03 Jul 1999) |
| enteric nervous system | Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| coeliac (nervous) plexus | The most substantial, superior portion of the abdominal aortic plexus lying anterior to the aorta at the level of origin of the coeliac trunk (vertebral level T-12); the coeliac ganglia lie within the plexus; it is formed by contributions from the greater splanchnic and vagus (especially the posterior or right vagus) nerves and communicating branches to and from the superior mesenteric and renal plexuses and ganglia; most sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibres serving the abdominal viscera pass through this plexus. Synonym: plexus coeliacus, solar plexus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Henle's nervous layer | The layers of the retina from the outer plexiform to the nerve fibre layer inclusive. Synonym: Henle's nervous layer. (05 Mar 2000) |