| BNT | Boston Naming Test; brain neurotransmitter |
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| CSB | contaminated small bowel; craniosynostosis, Boston type |
| BM | Bachelor of Medicine; barium meal; basal medium; basal metabolism; basement membrane; basilar membra... |
| MMR | mass miniature radiography; masseter muscle rigidity; maternal mortality rate; measles-mumps-rubella... |
| ACTG | AIDS Clinical Trial Group |
| prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical trial | <statistics> A clinical trial in which the method for analysing data has been specified in the protocol before the study has begun (prospective), the patients have been randomly assigned to receive either the study drug or alternative treatment, and in which neither the patient nor the physician conducting the study know which treatment is being given to the patient. (13 Nov 1997) |
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| human clinical trial | <pharmacology> Controlled clinical studies in human volunteers to test the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical candidates. There are usually three distinct phases of human clinical testing: Phases I, II, and III. Phase I trials are safety studies of volunteers, usually healthy controls. Phase II trials are studies to confirm safety and study optimum dose and initial efficacy. Phase III trials are studies to prove safety and efficacy in a specific patient population. (14 Nov 1997) |
| open-label trial | A study in which both researchers and participants know what drug a person is taking and at what dose. (09 Oct 1997) |
| trial | 1. The act of trying or testing in any manner. Specifically: Any effort or exertion of strength for the purpose of ascertaining what can be done or effected. "[I] defy thee to the trial of mortal fight." (Milton) The act of testing by experience; proof; test. "Repeated trials of the issues and events of actions." (Bp. Wilkins) Examination by a test; experiment, as in chemistry, metallurgy, etc. 2. The state of being tried or tempted; exposure to suffering that tests strength, patience, faith, or the like; affliction or temptation that exercises and proves the graces or virtues of men. "Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings." (Heb. Xi. 36) 3. That which tries or afflicts; that which harasses; that which tries the character or principles; that which tempts to evil; as, his child's conduct was a sore trial. "Every station is exposed to some trials." (Rogers) 4. The formal examination of the matter in issue in a cause before a competent tribunal; the mode of determining a question of fact in a court of law; the examination, in legal form, of the facts in issue in a cause pending before a competent tribunal, for the purpose of determining such issue. Synonym: Test, attempt, endeavor, effort, experiment, proof, essay. See Test, and Attempt. Origin: From Try. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| trial and error | The apparently random, haphazard, hit-or-miss exploratory activity which often precedes the acquisition of new information or adjustments; it may be overt, as in a rat running in a maze, or covert (vicarious), as when one thinks of various ways of coping with a situation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| trial base | <cell biology> A hypothetical cell adhesion molecule possibly involved in sponge cell adhesion, existence unproven. (18 Nov 1997) |
| trial case | In refraction, a box containing lenses for testing. (05 Mar 2000) |
| trial denture | A setup of artificial teeth so fabricated that it may be placed in the patient's mouth to verify esthetics, for the making of records, or for any other operation deemed necessary before final completion of the denture. Synonym: wax model denture. (05 Mar 2000) |
| trial frame | A type of spectacle frame with variable adjustments, for holding trial lenses during refraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| trial lenses | A series of cylindrical and spherical lens's used in testing vision. (05 Mar 2000) |
| trial of labour | Allowing a woman to be in labour long enough to determine if vaginal birth may be anticipated. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adrenal mass | <radiology> Metastasis, most common (especially lung, melanoma), primary adenocarcinoma, large at diagnosis (greater than 5 cm), usually functional (increased corticosteroids most likely to be Cushing's), rapid growth, benign adrenal adenoma, with or without functional, nonfunctional occurs in 2-8% of population, diff from metastasis: MRI (metastasis bright on T2), biopsy, follow, pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, myelolipoma, cyst / pseudocyst see also: adrenal calcification, haemorrhage (12 Dec 1998) |
| apperceptive mass | The already existing knowledge base in a similar or related area with which the new perceptual material is articulated. (05 Mar 2000) |
| atomic mass | <chemistry, physics> The mass of an atom relative to other atoms. The present-day basis of the scale of atomic weights is carbon, the most common isotope of this element has arbitrarily been assigned an atomic weight of 12. The unit of the scale is 1/12 the weight of the carbon atom or roughly the mass of one proton or one neutron. The atomic weight of any element is approximately equal to the total number of protons and neutrons in is nucleus (16 Dec 1997) |
| atomic mass unit | <chemistry> One-twelfth the mass of a neutral atom of the most abundant isotope of carbon. (16 Dec 1997) |