| 영문 | lacrimal glands | 한글 | 눈물샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 눈물을 만드는 곳이다. 눈물은 눈의 건조를 막고 이물질을 씻어내리는 역할을 한다. 눈물은 대개 눈물샘에서 만들어져 눈을 적신 뒤 눈물관을 거친뒤에 눈물주머니에 모여서 코눈물관으로 흘러 코 안쪽으로 내려가게 된다. |
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| 영문 | parathyroid glands | 한글 | 부갑상샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 갑상샘속에 존재하는 조그만 호르몬 생성기관. 갑상샘속에 숨어 있으므로 눈에 잘 띄지 않는다. 그래서 흔히 갑상샘절제수술시에 같이 절제되어 부갑상샘호르몬감소가 나타나기도 한다. 부갑상샘호르몬을 생성한다. 이 호르몬은 뼈에서 혈액으로 칼슘(calcium)의 이동을 증가시키고, 위장관에서 칼슘의 흡수를 촉진시키며, 콩팥에서의 칼슘분비를 감소시키는 반면에 인산염(phosphate)의 분비를 촉진시켜, 결국은 혈중칼슘의 농도를 증가시키고 혈중인산염의 농도를 감소시킨다. 또한 이 호르몬은 비타민 D의 전환을 증가시킨다. 너무 지나친 부갑상샘호르몬의 분비가 있을 경우 골다공증(osteoporosis: 뼈에 구멍이 생기는 병적상태)과 다른 조직의 석회화를 볼 수 있다.  |
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| 영문 | exocrine glands | 한글 | 외분비샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 체표나 소화관 등 신체 내외표면에의 분비를 행하는 샘. 땀샘, 눈물샘, 젓샘, 소화샘 등이 있다. 일반적으로는 분비물을 합성하는 샘세포의 집합체인 샘체와 분비물의 배출을 위한 도관으로 된다. |
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| 영문 | mammary glands | 한글 | 젖샘, 유선 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상적으로 아기를 낳은 산모에서는 뇌에서 젖분비호르몬(prolactin)의 분비가 증가하여 젖샘에서 젖을 만들게 된다. 이 때 젖의 분비를 촉진시키는 것으로는 아기가 젖을 빠는 행위 등이 있으며, 젖샘에서 생산된 모유는 젖샘관을 거쳐 젖꼭지를 통해 밖으로 나가게 된다. |
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| GG | or S glands, goiter, or stiffness [of neck] |
|---|---|
| 131I | radioactive Iodine(used in Thyroid uptake, Liver & Kidney Scans & Treatment of malignant & nonmalig... |
| HTS | head traumatic syndrome; HeLa tumor suppression; human thyroid-stimulating hormone, human thyroid st... |
| TA | alkaline tuberculin; arterial tension; axillary temperature; tactile afferent; Takayasu arteritis; t... |
| TORCH | toxoplasmosis, other [congenital syphilis and viruses], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex... |
| diagnostic techniques, endocrine | Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the endocrine glands or demonstration of their physiological processes. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| endocrine | Pertaining to internal secretions, hormonal. Compare: exocrine. Origin: Gr. Krinein = to separate (18 Nov 1997) |
| endocrine cells of gut | Cells found throughout the lining of the gastrointestinal tract that contain regulatory peptide hormones and/or biogenic amines. The substances are located in secretory granules and act in an endocrine or paracrine manner. Some of these substances are also found in neurons in the gut. There are at least 15 different types of endocrine cells of the gut. Some take up amine precursors and have been called apud cells. However, most endocrine cells of the gut apparently have endodermal rather than neuroectodermal origin, so the relationship with apud cells is not clear. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endocrine disorders | Disorders which involve the over-production or under-production of hormone substances from an endocrine gland. Some examples include diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing's disease, Cushing's syndrome and acromegaly. (27 Sep 1997) |
| endocrine exophthalmos | Exophthalmos associated with thyroid gland disorders. See: Graves' ophthalmopathy, Graves' orbitopathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endocrine gland | Organs or gland that secrete regulatory substances directly into the circulation and not through a duct. Examples are pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, ovary and testis, placenta and beta cells of pancreas. (27 Sep 1997) |
| endocrine gland neoplasms | Tumour or cancer of the endocrine glands in general or unspecified. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endocrine hormones | Hormones produced by the endocrine system. Compare: tissue hormones. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endocrine manipulation | Treating breast cancer by changing the hormonal balance of the body to prevent hormone dependent cancer cells from multiplying. (09 Oct 1997) |
| endocrine ophthalmopathy | Exophthalmos caused by increased water content of retro-ocular orbital tissues; associated with thyroid disease, usually hyperthyroidism. Synonym: endocrine ophthalmopathy, Graves' orbitopathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endocrine surgical procedures | Surgery performed on any endocrine gland. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endocrine system | The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the endocrine glands, included are the chromaffin system and the neurosecretory systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tuberculosis, endocrine | Tuberculous infection of the endocrine glands. (12 Dec 1998) |
| familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis | The presence of functioning tumours in more than one endocrine gland, commonly the pancreatic islets and parathyroid glands, which may be associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; dominant inheritance. Synonym: multiple endocrine adenomatosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory thyroid | An isolated mass, or one of several such masses, of thyroid tissue, sometimes present in the side of the neck, or just above the hyoid bone (suprahyoid accessory thyroid gland), or even as low as the arch of the aorta. Synonym: glandula thyroidea accessoria, accessory thyroid, prehyoid gland, suprahyoid gland, thyroidea accessoria, thyroidea ima, Wolfler's gland. (05 Mar 2000) |