| 영문 | stool guaiac test | 한글 | 대변 구아이악 검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 대변내에 있을 수 있는 잠혈(눈에 보이지 않는 출혈)유무를 검사하는 방법으로, 혈구내의 heme peroxidase에 의해 guaiac이 산화되는 반응을 이용하여 측정한다. 방법은 3일간에 걸쳐 한 변에서 2군데씩 채취하여 검사한다. 위양성 반응(거짓으로 혈액이 있다고 나타나는 반응)은 식물 과산화효소를 함유하고 있는 홍당무의 섭취나 혈구 성분을 함유하고 있는 고기 섭취 등에서 나타날 수 있으며, 위음성 반응(실제로 혈액은 있지만, 혈액이 없다고 나타나는 반응)은 환원력을 가지고 있는 비타민 C의 복용시 나타날 수 있다. 특히 위양성 반응이 매우 흔하다. |
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| 영문 | Rorschach Test | 한글 | 로르샤하 검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사고장애와 정서장애에 민감한 투사검사(projective test). 검은색과 몇가지 색으로 이루어진 잉크얼룩같은 도형이 그려진 10개의 카드를 이용한다. 피검자에게 카드를 보이고 본 것에 대해 말하도록 한다. 다음에는 얼룩의 어느 위치가 피검자가 말한 지각대상을 암시하는지 찾도록 한다. 피검자의 답변을 분석하면 그의 사고와 정서상태에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | Mantoux test | 한글 | 망토우검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 소아에 주로 실시하는 검사 방법으로, BCG접종후에나 혹은 결핵균에 한번이라도 노출된 경우에 양성반응으로 나온다. 우리나라에서는 생후 1개월에 BCG예방접종을 시행하므로 대부분 양성으로 나오게 되나, 이 예방접종을 받지 않은 상태에서 양성으로 나오면, 결핵균의 침투를 의심할 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | stress test | 한글 | 스트레스 검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 협심증이 일어나기 쉬운 환자에게서 그 정도를 판단하기위해 시행한다. 방법은 같은 곳에서 환자를 달리도록 한 다음, 얼마의 속도에서 혈압이 떨어지고 협심증 증상이 나타나는가를 검사한다. 대개 심할수록 낮은 속도에서도 증상이 빨리 나타난다. |
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| 영문 | visual field test | 한글 | 시야검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 눈을 한곳에 고정시킨 채, 관찰할 수 있는 주변공간을 시야라 한다. 시야를 검사하는 가장 간단한 방법은 대면검사(confronting test)이다. 이것은 피검사자의 눈을 검사자의 눈에 맞추어 보도록 하여 눈을 고정시킨채, 검사자가 손가락끝을 위쪽, 아래쪽, 왼쪽, 오른쪽, 그리고 비스듬히 경사진 곳 등으로 옮겨보아 피검사자가 관찰할 수 있는지 여부를 정하는 검사법이다. 이보다 정확한 검사법은 자동식 컴퓨터시야검사법이 있다. 대개, 눈자체의 이상이 있어도 시야검사에서 이상이 나오지만, 이외 뇌의 이상으로 시각의 형성경로에 이상이 있어도 역시 이상소견을 보인다. |
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| PST | pancreatic suppression test; paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; penicillin, streptomycin, and ... |
|---|---|
| TST | thiosulfate sulfur-transferase; thromboplastin screening test; total sleep time; transforming sequen... |
| CAT | California Achievement Test; capillary agglutination test; catalase; cataract; catecholamine; Childr... |
| TAT | tetanus antitoxin; thematic apperception test; thematic aptitude test; thrombin-antithrombin complex... |
| 131I | radioactive Iodine(used in Thyroid uptake, Liver & Kidney Scans & Treatment of malignant & nonmalig... |
| anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid | <oncology, tumour> An aggressive form and rare form of thyroid cancer that is one of the most rapidly growing and invasive types of thyroid cancer. It commonly occurs in people over 60 years of age and may cause obstruction of the trachea. The cause is unknown but exposure to radiation may be a factor. Thyroid function tests are usually normal. Hoarse voice, cough and coughing up blood are common symptoms. Examination may reveal nodules in the thyroid gland. Diagnosis is made via biopsy. Treatment is surgical with or without radiation therapy. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| cancer, thyroid | Cancer of the gland in front of the neck that normally produces thyroid hormone which is important to the normal regulation of the metabolism of the body. There are four major types of cancer of the thyroid gland. Persons who received radiation to the head or neck in childhood should be examined by a doctor every 1 to 2 years. The most common symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump, or nodule, that can be felt in the neck. The only certain way to tell whether a thyroid lump is cancer is by examining the thyroid tissue obtained using a needle or surgery for biopsy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, thyroid hormone | Proteins, usually found in the nucleus, that specifically bind thyroid hormones and regulate DNA transcription. These proteins, termed c-erba, are activated by hormones and cause differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells which irreversibly lose proliferative potential. Thus c-erba proteins act as growth suppressors. The c-erba proteins are encoded by at least two genes, c-erba alpha and c-erba beta. Each of these has two isoforms. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the beta form causes thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| giant cell carcinoma of thyroid gland | A rapidly progressive undifferentiated carcinoma observed in the thyroid gland, characterised by numerous, unusually large, anaplastic cells derived from glandular epithelium of the thyroid gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glandular branches of inferior thyroid artery | <anatomy, artery> Branches of inferior thyroid artery to thyroid and parathyroid glands, anastomosing with branches of superior thyroid artery. Synonym: rami glandulares arteriae thyroideae inferioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pharyngeal branch of inferior thyroid artery | <anatomy, artery> Distributed to laryngopharynx. Synonym: rami pharyngeales arteriae thyroideae inferioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| middle thyroid vein | <anatomy, vein> It passes from the thyroid gland across the common carotid artery with the inferior thyroid arteries to empty into the internal jugular vein. Synonym: vena thyroidea media. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cold thyroid nodule | <radiology> Adenoma (75%), colloid cyst (10%), carcinoma (15%), mnemonic: CATCH PALLM colloid cyst, adenoma, thyroiditis, carcinoma, haematoma, parathyroid adenoma, abscess, lymph node, lymphoma, metastasis thyroid carcinoma, hot thyroid nodule (12 Dec 1998) |
| cornua of thyroid cartilage | See: inferior horn of thyroid cartilage, superior horn of thyroid cartilage. Cornu uteri, the portion of the uterus to which the intramural section of the uterine tube enters on either the right or left. Synonym: uterine horn, horn of uterus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterior branch of superior thyroid artery | <anatomy, artery> Branch of superior thyroid artery which descends to supply the apical portion of the ipsilateral lobe of the thyroid, continuing along the posterior border of the gland to anastomose with the inferior thyroid artery. Synonym: ramus posterior arteriae thyroideae superioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hormone, thyroid | Chemical substance made by the thyroid gland which is located in the front of the neck. The thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3). (12 Dec 1998) |
| hormone, thyroid stimulating | A hormone produced by the pituitary gland (at the base of the brain) that promotes the growth of the thyroid gland (in the neck) and stimulates it to produce its thyroid hormones. Normally, the rate of thyroid hormone production is controlled by the pituitary. When there are insufficient thyroid hormones in the body for normal functioning of the cells, the pituitary releases tsh. Tsh in turn stimulates the thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones. In contrast, when there is excessive amount of thyroid hormones, the pituitary gland stops producing tsh. The tsh level then falls and thyroid hormone production is reduced. This mechanism maintains a relatively constant level of thyroid hormones circulating in the blood. This phenomenon is analogous to a thermostat used for temperature regulation in a room: when the temperature rises, the thermostat shuts the heater off and the room temperature falls back to normal. High levels of thyroid hormones cause the tsh level to fall, resulting in no further stimulation of the thyroid gland. In hyperthyroidism, there are continuously elevated levels of the thyroid hormones. Tsh is also known as thyrotropin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| horns of thyroid cartilage | See: inferior horn of thyroid cartilage, superior horn of thyroid cartilage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hot thyroid nodule | <radiology> Almost always hyperfunctioning adenoma, vast majority benign, up to 50% are autonomous see also: thyroid carcinoma, cold thyroid nodule (12 Dec 1998) |
| pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland | <anatomy> An inconstant narrow lobe of the thyroid gland that arises from the upper border of the isthmus and extends upward, sometimes as far as the hyoid bone; it marks the point of continuity with the thyroglossal duct. Synonym: lobus pyramidalis glandulae thyroideae, Lallouette's pyramid, Morgagni's appendix, pyramid of thyroid. (05 Mar 2000) |