| thiamin mononitrate | Same action as thiamin hydrochloride. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| thiamin oxidase | <enzyme> Converts thiamine to thiamine acetic acid Registry number: EC 1.1.3.23 Synonym: thiamine dehydrogenase, thiamin dehydrogenase (26 Jun 1999) |
| thiamin pyridinylase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing transfer of a pyridine or other bases into the position of the pyrimidine in thiamin; e.g., thiamin reacting with pyridine produces heteropyrithiamin and 4-methyl-5-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole. Synonym: pyrimidine transferase, thiaminase I. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin pyrophosphate | The diphosphoric ester of thiamin, a coenzyme of several (de)carboxylases, transketolases, and alpha-oxoacid dehydrogenases. Synonym: aneurine pyrophosphate, cocarboxylase, diphosphothiamin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thiamin pyrophosphokinase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of thiamine pyrophosphate from ATP and thiamine. Chemical name: ATP:thiamine pyrophosphotransferase Registry number: EC 2.7.6.2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| thiamin-triphosphatase | <enzyme> An enzyme present in nerve tissue. It catalyses reversibly the formation of thiamine diphosphate and orthophosphate from thiamine triphosphate. Chemical name: Thiamin-triphosphate phosphohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.6.1.28 (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino sugar | <biochemistry> Monosaccharide in which an OH group is replaced with an amino group, often acetylated. Common examples are D galactosamine, D glucosamine, neuraminic acid, muramic acid. Amino sugars are important constituents of bacterial cell walls, some antibiotics, blood group substances, milk oligosaccharides and chitin. (18 Nov 1997) |
| beechwood sugar | D-xylose. See: xylose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| beet sugar | D-sucrose. See: sucrose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood sugar, high | Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) can be found in a number of conditions. The hyperglycaemia leads to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine. (Diabetes mellitus means sweet urine. ) (12 Dec 1998) |
| blood sugar, low | The sugar here is glucose. Low blood glucose constitutes hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia is only significant when it is associated with symptoms. It has many causes including drugs, liver disease, surgical absence of the stomach, pre-diabetes, and rare tumours that release excess insulin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| malt sugar | <biochemistry> Disaccharide intermediate of the breakdown of starch, glucose _(1-4) glucose. Fermentable substrate in brewing. (20 Mar 1998) |
| gelatin sugar | <amino acid, physiology> The simplest amino acid. It is a common residue in proteins, especially collagen and elastin and is not optically active. It is also a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord and brainstem of vertebrate central nervous system. (18 Nov 1997) |
| manna sugar | A medication given to reduce brain swelling and elevated intracranial pressure. Also used to temporarily disrupt the blood-brain barrier prior to some forms of chemotherapy. (16 Dec 1997) |
| maple sugar | Sucrose extracted from the sap of the sugar maple, Acer saccharinum. Synonym: saccharum canadense. (05 Mar 2000) |