| pavlovian conditioning | A type of conditioning, first studied by I. P. Pavlov, in which a previously neutral stimulus (bell sound) elicits a response (salivation) as a result of pairing it (associating it contiguously in time) a number of times with an unconditioned or natural stimulus for that response (food shown to a hungry dog). Synonym: pavlovian conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| respondent conditioning | A type of conditioning, first studied by I. P. Pavlov, in which a previously neutral stimulus (bell sound) elicits a response (salivation) as a result of pairing it (associating it contiguously in time) a number of times with an unconditioned or natural stimulus for that response (food shown to a hungry dog). Synonym: pavlovian conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| classical conditioning | <psychology> Learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| physical conditioning, animal | Physical conditioning of domestic, laboratory, and zoo animals. Includes exercising of animals. (12 Dec 1998) |
| wall conditioning | <radiobiology> Describes a class of procedures used to control the composition of materials adsorbed onto the walls of a plasma device. Conditioning is important because material from the walls can create impurities in the plasma, and these impurities typically degrade plasma performance. See: boronisation, impurity control, electron cyclotron discharge cleaning. (09 Oct 1997) |
| conditioning | 1. <psychology> A general term referring to the learning of some particular response. 2. <oncology> A preparative regimen of chemotherapy before a bone marrow transplant. (03 Jul 1999) |
| conditioning, eyelid | Reflex closure of the eyelid occurring as a result of classical conditioning. (12 Dec 1998) |
| conditioning, operant | Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced. (12 Dec 1998) |
| conditioning, pavlovian | Named after the Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1848-1936) who conditioned dogs to respond in what proved to be a predictable manner. at different points along the dogs' digestive tracts, he had surgically created pockets ( Pavlov pouches ) from which he could obtain secretions, the aim being to study the physiology of the digestive tract. He did so from the salivary glands down to the stomach, liver and pancreas with considerable success and in 1904 (the 4th year it was awarded) he received the Nobel Prise for his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged. (12 Dec 1998) |
| conditioning therapy | The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behaviour disorders. (12 Dec 1998) |
| higher order conditioning | The use of a previously conditioned stimulus to condition further responses, in much the same way unconditioned stimuli are used. (05 Mar 2000) |
| second-order conditioning | The use of a previously successfully conditioned stimulus as the unconditioned stimulus for further conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| skinnerian conditioning | A type of conditioning developed by Skinner in which an experimenter waits for the target response (head scratching) to be conditioned to occur (emitted) spontaneously, immediately after which the organism is given a reinforcer reward; after this procedure is repeated many times, the frequency of emission of the targeted response will have significantly increased over its pre-experiment base rate. See: schedules of reinforcement. Synonym: skinnerian conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| instrumental conditioning | Conditioning in which the response is a prerequisite to achieving some goal; often used as a synonym for operant conditioning, but some psychologists make distinctions in the usages of these two terms. (05 Mar 2000) |
| operant conditioning | A type of conditioning developed by Skinner in which an experimenter waits for the target response (head scratching) to be conditioned to occur (emitted) spontaneously, immediately after which the organism is given a reinforcer reward; after this procedure is repeated many times, the frequency of emission of the targeted response will have significantly increased over its pre-experiment base rate. See: schedules of reinforcement. Synonym: skinnerian conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |