| 영문 | medicine | 한글 | 의학 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간을 질병으로부터 구하고 건강법을 모색하는 학문. 의학은 인류의 역사와 더불어 경험의료로서 존재해 왔으며, 일반과학이 진보함에 따라서 독자성을 지닌 과학으로 발전하여 인체에 관한 연구와 질병의 예방 및 치료를 연구하는 학문이라고 정의된다. 의학은 질병에 관해서 연구하고, 그 예방이나 진단-치료 및 건강의 유지와 증진을 목적으로 하는 학문이다. 역사적으로 병을 고치는 것, 즉 기술적 또는 응용적 측면이라고 할 수 있는 의료가 먼저 발달하고 중요시되어 왔으며, 그런 점에서 임상의학이 먼저 발달하였고, 기초의학과 예방의학이 발전하게 되었다. 의학은 단순히 응용적 과학이 아니고, 가장 고등한 생물로서의 인간을 대상으로 한 생물과학이며 생명과학의 발전에 크게 기여하였고, 또 하고 있다. |
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| 영문 | rehabilitation medicine | 한글 | 재활의학 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 장애자를 신체적-정신적으로 가능한 최대한도까지 정상적으로 회복시키기 위한 학문. 의학의 한 분야이다. |
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| 영문 | nuclear medicine | 한글 | 핵의학 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 방사성을 띠는 핵물질을 이용하여 의학에 응용하는 학문. 대개 인체에 큰 해가 없는 방사선물질을 사용하며, 반감기가 짧아 사용후에도 큰 해가 없다. 이런 핵의학적 물질을 이용한 핵의학적 진단의 가장 큰 장점은 생체내에서 일어나는 그 기관의 실제적인 기능을 알아볼 수 있다는 데 있다. 흔히 접하는 X-선을 이용한 진단방법은 단지 그 순간만의 영상을 접하여 실제로 보이는 부위가 얼마나 기능을 수행하는지 알 수 없는 단점이 있으나, 핵의학에서는 실제적인 기능의 정도에 따라 영상이 나오게 되므로 기능판별에 아주 유리하다. 하지만, 정확한 판별력이 있는 영상을 얻기에는 부족하다. 또한 핵의학은 진단외의 치료에도 사용되는데, 예를 들어 갑상샘종양의 경우 여러 곳에 이미 전이가 되어 있을 경우 방사선핵종을 이용하여 다른 곳에 큰 부작용없이 치료가 가능하다. |
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| COTH | Council of Teaching Hospitals and Health Systems |
|---|---|
| PATH | pathology, pathological; pituitary adrenotropic hormone; physicians at teaching hospitals |
| STE | Scholars for Teaching Excellence |
| TNH | teaching nursing home; transient neonatal hyperammonemia |
| TNHP | teaching nursing home program |
acute angle
| complex learning processes | Those process's that require the use of symbolic manipulations, as in reasoning. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| probability learning | Usually refers to the use of mathematical models in the prediction of learning to perform tasks based on the theory of probability applied to responses; it may also refer to the frequency of occurrence of the responses observed in the particular study. (12 Dec 1998) |
| problem-based learning | Instructional use of examples or cases to teach using problem-solving skills and critical thinking. (12 Dec 1998) |
| serial learning | Learning to make a series of responses in exact order. (12 Dec 1998) |
| state-dependent learning | Learning during a specific state of sleep or wakefulness, or during a chemically altered state, where retrieval of learned information (e.g., as measured by performance of a learned response) cannot be demonstrated unless the subject is restored to the state that originally existed during learning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| discrimination learning | Learning that is manifested in the ability to respond differentially to various stimuli. (12 Dec 1998) |
| incidental learning | Learning without a direct attempt. Synonym: passive learning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| insight learning | The grasp of the solution to a problem without the intervening series of the trial and error steps that are associated with most types of learning (e.g., a monkey housed behind the bars of a cage who, without proceeding through countless hours of futile attempts with one stick or the other, fits two sticks together to retrieve a banana outside the distance measured by either stick alone). (05 Mar 2000) |
| latent learning | That learning which is not evident to the observer at the time it occurs, but which is inferred from later performance in which learning is more rapid than would be expected without the earlier experience. (05 Mar 2000) |
| learning | 1. The acquisition of knowledge or skill; as, the learning of languages; the learning of telegraphy. 2. The knowledge or skill received by instruction or study; acquired knowledge or ideas in any branch of science or literature; erudition; literature; science; as, he is a man of great learning. Book learning. See Book. Synonym: Literature, erudition, lore, scholarship, science, letters. See Literature. Origin: AS. Leornung. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| learning disability | A disorder in one or more of the basic cognitive and psychological processes involved in understanding or using written or spoken language; may be manifested in age-related impairment in the ability to read, write, spell, speak, or perform mathematical calculations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| learning disorders | Impairment of learning ability due to emotional, environmental or physiological factors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| learning set | A readiness or predisposition to learn developed from previous learning experiences, as when an organism learns to solve each successive problem (of equal or increasing difficulty) in fewer trials. (05 Mar 2000) |
| learning theory | Any of several prominent theories designed to explain learning, especially those promulgated by Pavlov, Thorndike, Guthrie, Hull, Kohler, Spence, Miller, Skinner, and their modern followers. See: conditioning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adolescent medicine | A branch of medicine pertaining to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases occurring during the period beginning with puberty until the cessation of somatic growth. (12 Dec 1998) |