| 영문 | mast cell | 한글 | 비만 세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 동물의 결합 조직 가운데 널리 분포하는 세포. 결합조직과 점막조직 내에 있는 호염기성 색소로 이염색성(metachromasia)을 나타내는 과립을 가진 방추형의 세포에 작은 둥근 핵을 가진다. 비만세포의 표면에는 IgE에 대한 수용체가 존재하며, 수용체에 결합한 IgE 분자들끼리 다가의 항원에 의해 서로 연결되면 비만세포 과립탈출 반응이 일어나, 히스타민, 세로토닌, 헤파린 등의 화학전달 물질이 방출되어, 즉시형 알레르기 반응 등의 증상을 일으킨다. 피부, 장막, 혈관 주위, 점막 주변에 있다. |
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| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| PF | pair feeding; peak flow; perfusion fluid; pericardial fluid; periosteal fibroblast; peritoneal fluid... |
|---|---|
| SF | Sabin-Feldman [test]; safety factor; salt-free; scarlet fever; screen film; seminal fluid; serosal f... |
| RAS | rapid atrial stimulation; recurrent aphthous stomatitis; reflex activating stimulus; reliability, av... |
| MC | mass casualties; mast cell; Master of Surgery [Lat. Magister Chirurgiae]; maximum concentration; Med... |
| TF | free thyroxine; tactile fremitus; tail flick [reflex]; temperature factor; testicular feminization; ... |
| methionine-activating enzyme | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of s-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. Chemical name: ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.5.1.6 (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| complement activating enzymes | <enzyme> Enzymes present in the complement system which activate one or more components in the system. Registry number: EC 3.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| connective tissue activating peptide III | Cytokine, produced from platelet basic protein, that acts as a growth factor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| neutrophil activating protein | <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily and structurally related to platelet factor 4. Acronym: IL-8 (12 Dec 1998) |
| JNK-activating protein kinase | <enzyme> A dual specificity kinase that activates jun kinases and p38-mpk2; amino acid sequence given in first source Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: jnk kinase, jnkk, hemipterous protein, hep protein, jun amino-terminal kinase kinase, jn kinase kinase, hep gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| B-cell differentiating factor | <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other haematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. Acronym: IL-4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| B-cell stimulatory factor 2 | <cytokine> A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. A single chain 25 kD cytokine originally described as a pre B-cell growth factor, now known to have effects on a number of other cells including T-cells which are also stimulated to proliferate. An inducer of acute phase proteins and a colony-stimulating factor acting on mouse bone marrow. Acronym: IL-6 (12 Dec 1998) |
| natural killer cell stimulating factor | <cytokine> A 75 kD heterodimeric cytokine composed of disulfide-bonded 40 kD and 35 kD subunits that was originally identified by its ability to induce cytotoxic effector cells in synergy with less than optimal concentrations of interleukin-2. It is released by macrophages in response to infection and promotes the activation of cell-mediated immunity. Specifically, IL-12 triggers the maturation of Thl CD4 cells, specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and an increase in the activity of NK cells and consequently, it is the initiator of cell-mediated immunity. It enhances the lytic activity of NK cells, induces interferon production, stimulates the proliferation of activated T-cells and NK cells. Is secreted by human B lymphoblastoid cells (NC 37). May play a role in controlling immunoglobulin isotype selection as it also inhibits IgE synthesis (even in the presence of anti-IFN monoclonal antibody) and as a growth factor for activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells independently of interleukin-2, and for CD56+ NK cells but not resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells or resting or activated tonsillar B-cells. It is likely that interleukin 12 has a major role in protective immunity against viruses and is under study as an immunotherapy in HIV infection. Formerly referred to as cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor. Acronym: IL-12 (12 Dec 1998) |
| stem cell factor | <growth factor> Haemopoietic growth factor 18.6 kD from sequence, found as dimer (35 kD protein, 53 kD in its glycosylated form). Acronym: SCF (18 Nov 1997) |
| T-cell growth factor | <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. It is secreted by Thl CD4 cells to stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T-1yrnphocytes. Interleukin 2 also increases the proliferation and maturation of the CD4 cells themselves. During HIV infection, Interleukin-2 production gradually declines. Use of interleukin 2 therapy is under study as a way to raise CD4 cell counts and restore immune function. Acronym: IL-2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| T-cell growth factor-1 | <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. It is secreted by Thl CD4 cells to stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T-1yrnphocytes. Interleukin 2 also increases the proliferation and maturation of the CD4 cells themselves. During HIV infection, Interleukin-2 production gradually declines. Use of interleukin 2 therapy is under study as a way to raise CD4 cell counts and restore immune function. Acronym: IL-2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| T-cell growth factor-2 | <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other haematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. Acronym: IL-4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| T-cell-rich, B-cell lymphoma | <tumour> A B-cell lymphoma in which more than 90% of the cells are of T-cell origin, masking the large cells that form the neoplastic B-cell component. See: adult T-cell lymphoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accelerator factor | <chemical> Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor v accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor v leads to owren's disease. Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor V (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetate replacement factor | <biochemistry> 1,2 dithiolane 3 valeric acid. Regarded as a coenzyme in the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of the citric acid cycle. Involved generally in oxidative decarboxylations of _ keto acids. A growth factor for some organisms. (18 Nov 1997) |