| RAEM | refractory anemia with excess myeloblasts |
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| MDS | Myelo-Dysplastic Syndrome = Refractory (Dysmyelopoietic) Anemia = (Id... |
| AERP | antegrade effective refractory period; atrial effective refractory period |
| RA | radioactive; ragocyte; ragweed antigen; rapidly adapting [receptors]; reactive arthritis; reciprocal... |
| ATZ | atypical transformation zone |
| divergence excess exotropia | Exotropia in which the strabismus is notably greater for far vision than for near vision. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| iodine excess | Just as too little iodine can cause thyroid disease, so may prolonged intake of too much iodine also lead to the development of goiter (swelling of the thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism (abnormally low thyroid activity). Certain foods and medications contain large amounts of iodine. Examples include seaweed; iodine-rich expectorants (such as sski and lugol's solution) used in the treatment of cough, asthma, chronic pulmonary disease; and amiodarone (cardorone), an iodine-rich medication used in the control of abnormal heart rhythms (cardiac arrhythmias). (12 Dec 1998) |
| iron excess | Iron overload can damage the heart, liver, gonads and other organs. Iron overload is a particular risk in people who may have certain genetic conditions (haemochromatosis) sometimes without knowing it and also in people receiving recurrent blood transfusions. According to the national academy of sciences, the recommended dietary allowances of iron are 15 milligrams per day for women and 10 milligrams per day for men. (12 Dec 1998) |
| excess | 1. The state of surpassing or going beyond limits; the being of a measure beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; that which exceeds what is usual or prover; immoderateness; superfluity; superabundance; extravagance; as, an excess of provisions or of light. "To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, To throw a perfume on the violet, . . . Is wasteful and ridiculous excess." (Shak) "That kills me with excess of grief, this with excess of joy." (Walsh) 2. An undue indulgence of the appetite; transgression of proper moderation in natural gratifications; intemperance; dissipation. "Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess." (Eph. V. 18) "Thy desire . . . Leads to no excess That reaches blame." (Milton) 3. The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder; as, the difference between two numbers is the excess of one over the other. <geometry> Spherical excess, the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle. Origin: OE. Exces, excess, ecstasy, L. Excessus a going out, loss of self-possession, fr. Excedere, excessum, to go out, go beyond: cf. F. Exces. See Exceed. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| excess annual growth | The amount by which new forest growth exceeds removal in a year. The annual quantity of wood produced in a forest in excess of market demand. (05 Dec 1998) |
| excess lactate | The increase in lactate concentration beyond what would be expected from the increase in pyruvate concentration resulting from a change in redox potential; used as an index of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| zinc excess | Too much zinc can cause gastrointestinal irritation (upset stomach), interfere with copper absorption and cause copper deficiency, and (like too little zinc) cause immune deficiency. According to the national academy of sciences, the recommended dietary allowances of zinc are 12 milligrams per day for women and 10 milligrams per day for men. (12 Dec 1998) |
| absolute refractory period | The period following excitation when no response is possible regardless of the intensity of the stimulus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractory | Not readily yielding to treatment. Origin: L. Refractorius (18 Nov 1997) |
| refractory cast | A cast made of material that will withstand the high temperatures of metal casting or soldering without disintegrating. Synonym: investment cast. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractory flask | A metal tube in which a refractory mold is made for casting metal dental restorations or appliances. Synonym: casting flask, casting ring. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractory lining | A lining, usually of ceramic, capable of resisting and maintaining high temperatures. (05 Dec 1998) |
| refractory period | <neurology, physiology> most commonly used in reference to the interval (typically 1ms) after the passage of an action potential during which an axon is incapable of responding to another. This is caused by inactivation of the sodium channels after opening. The maximum frequency at which neurons can fire is thus limited to a few hundred Hertz. An analogous refractory period occurs in individuals of Dictyostelium discoideum, which are insensitive to extracellular cyclic AMP immediately after a pulse of cAMP has been secreted. The term can be applied to any system where a similar insensitive period follows stimulation. (18 Nov 1997) |
| refractory period of electronic pacemaker | The time required to restore full sensitivity after detecting cardiac activity or delivering a pacing impulse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| refractory period, psychological | A delayed response interval occurring when two stimuli are presented in close succession. (12 Dec 1998) |