| 영문 | acetylsalicylic acid | 한글 | 아세틸살리실산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 상품명이 아스피린(asprin)인 약. 대표적인 비스테로이드 항염약이다. 즉 항염증(anti-inflammatory), 진통(analgesis), 해열(anti-pyretic)의 효과가 모두 뛰어나지만 위장장애, 과다호흡, 라이증후군(Reye syndrome) 등의 부작용이 있다. |
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| 영문 | uric acid | 한글 | 요산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 결정성의 산. 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine. 화학식은 C5H4N4O3로 사람과 동물의 오줌에서 얻을 수 있다. 핵의 대사산물의 하나. 물, 알콜, 에테르(ether)에는 거의 녹지 않으나 알칼리염의 용액에는 녹는다. 이것의 나트륨염 형태(sodium urate)가 결석의 대부분을 차지한다. 급성백혈병 치료 초기단계와 통풍(Gout)에서 혈중요산이 급격히 오를 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast bacillus | 한글 | 항산막대균, 항산균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 아닐린 색소에 염색되기 힘드나 일단 염색되면 강산으로 처리하여도 탈색되지 아니하는 세균을 통틀어 이르는 말. 결해균, 나병균 따위가 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast staining | 한글 | 항산염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항산성성질(좀처럼 염색이 되지 않으나 한번 염색이 되면 산성용액에 의해서 탈색이 되지 않는 성질)을 가진 균(예를 들면 결핵균 등)의 검출에 이용되는 염색방법. 방법에는 Ziehl-Neelson법과 Kinyoun법 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | nucleic acid | 한글 | 핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 염기, 당, 인산으로 이루어진 뉴클레오티드가 긴 사슬 모양으로 중합된 고분자 물질. 유전이나 단백질 합성을 지배하는 중요한 물질로, 생물의 증식을 비롯한 생명 활동 유지에 중요한 작용을 한다. 구성 당인 오탄당이 리보오스인 리보핵산과 디옥시리보오스인 디옥시리보 핵산으로 나뉜다. 펜토스로서 리보스나 데옥시리보스 어느 한쪽만을 포함하며 전자를 리보핵산(RNA), 후자를 데옥시리보핵산(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이라 부른다. 모두 4종류의 유기염기에 의해 특징지어지며 아데닌, 구아닌 및 시토신은 양자에 공통이다. 티민은 DNA에, 우라실은 RNA에 포함된다. DNA는 주로 핵에 존재하며 형질유전에 그리고 RNA는 세포질속에서 단백질 합성에 관여한다. 섭취된 핵산은 소화관에서 구성분자로까지 가수분해되어 흡수된다. |
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| OA | obstructive apnea; occipital artery; occipito-anterior; occiput anterior; octanoic acid; ocular albi... |
|---|---|
| PAA | partial agonist activity; phenylacetic acid; phosphonoacetic acid; physical abilities analysis; plas... |
| ASA | acetylsalicylic acid; active systemic anaphylaxis; Adams-Stokes attack; American Society of Anesthes... |
| CA | anterior commissure [Lat. commissura anterior]; calcium antagonist; California [rabbit]; cancer; Can... |
| DHA | dehydroacetic acid; dehydroascorbic acid; dehydroepiandrosterone; dihydroacetic acid; dihydroxyaceto... |
| receptors, adrenergic | Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of g-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| receptors, adrenergic, alpha | One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors. The alpha-beta distinction was originally based on cellular effects of receptor activation but now relies on the relative affinities for certain synthetic ligands. Alpha-adrenergic receptors are further subdivided into several subclasses based on studies of endogenous and cloned receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, alpha-1 | A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, alpha). Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors can be pharmacologically discriminated, e.g., by their high affinity for the agonist phenylephrine and the antagonist prazosin. They are widespread, with clinically important concentrations in the liver, the heart, vascular, intestinal, and genitourinary smooth muscle, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, alpha-2 | A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, alpha). Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors can be pharmacologically discriminated, e.g., by their high affinity for the agonist clonidine and the antagonist yohimbine. They are found on pancreatic beta cells, platelets, and vascular smooth muscle, as well as both pre- and postsynaptically in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, beta | One of the two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The alpha-beta distinction was originally based on the cellular effects of receptor activation but now relies on the relative affinities for characteristic synthetic ligands. Beta adrenergic receptors are further subdivided based on information from endogenous and cloned receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, beta-1 | A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, beta). Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are equally sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine and bind the agonist dobutamine and the antagonist metoprolol with high affinity. They are found in the heart, juxtaglomerular cells, and in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, beta-2 | A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, beta). Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are more sensitive to epinephrine than to norepinephrine and have a high affinity for the agonist terbutaline. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in skeletal muscle, liver, and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary smooth muscle. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, albumin | Cell surface proteins that bind albumin with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, aldosterone | Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind aldosterone and mediate its cellular effects. The aldosterone-bound receptor acts in the nucleus to regulate the transcription of specific segments of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, ampa | Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels in cell membranes. Ampa receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist ampa (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid). They are probably the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Several subtypes have been cloned, and for some types the traditional distinction from kainate receptors may not apply. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, androgen | Proteins, generally found in the cytoplasm, that specifically bind androgens and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the nucleus where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, angiotensin | Cell surface proteins that bind angiotensins and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, antigen | Molecules on the surface of b- and T-lymphocytes that recognise and combine with specific antigens. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, antigen, B-cell | Immunoglobulin molecules on the surface of B-lymphocytes that recognise and bind antigen. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, antigen, T-cell | Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognise and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (antigens, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (receptors, antigen, T-cell, alpha-beta) or gamma-delta (receptors, antigen, T-cell, gamma-delta) chains. (12 Dec 1998) |