| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| GC | ganglion cell; gas chromatography; general circulation; general closure; general condition; generali... |
|---|---|
| CSA | Canadian Standards Association; canavaninosuccinic acid; carbonyl salicylamide; cell surface antigen... |
| PBA | polyclonal B-cell activity; pressure breathing assist; prolactin-binding assay; prune belly anomaly;... |
| SCCA | single-cell cytotoxicity assay |
| SLA | left sacroanterior [fetal position] [Lat. sacrolaeva anterior]; single-cell liquid cytotoxic assay; ... |
| chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay | <investigation> A lab technique used to determine whether a given fragment of DNA has a promoter on it to encourage transcription to occur, by attaching the gene (called the CAT gene) which codes for the CAT enzyme to it, and observing whether the CAT enzyme is produced. (05 Jan 1998) |
|---|---|
| Grunstein-Hogness assay | A procedure for identifying plasmid clones by colony hybridization. (05 Mar 2000) |
| christmas factor assay | A test used to measure the activity of a blood clotting factor IX (Christmas factor). This test may be used to evaluate excessive bleeding. Abnormally low factor IX assays may be seen in the following conditions: congenital deficiency of factor IX, fat malabsorption, heparin administration, cirrhosis, vitamin K deficiency and warfarin administration. (27 Sep 1997) |
| clonogenic assay | In vitro culturing of neoplastic cells to test their radiosensitivity or chemosensitivity, and probable clinical efficacy of a therapeutic agent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colony-forming units assay | A cytologic technique for measuring the functional capacity of stem cells by assaying their activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| competitive binding assay | General term for an assay in which a binder competes for labelled versus unlabelled ligand; following separation of free and bound ligand, the ligand (the analyte assayed) is quantitated by relating bound and unbound ratios to known standards. See: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioreceptor assay, immunoassay, enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique, radioimmunoassay. Synonym: displacement analysis, saturation analysis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| complement binding assay | A test for the detection of immune complexes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| complement haemolytic activity assay | Usual screening assay for complement. Dilutions of the serum to be tested are added to antibody-coated erythrocytes and the percentage of lysis is measured. The values are expressed by ch50, haemolytic complement units per milliliter, which is the dilution of serum required to lyse 50 percent of the erythrocytes in the assay. (12 Dec 1998) |
| plaque assay | 1. <investigation> Assay for virus in which a dilute solution of the virus is applied to a culture dish containing a layer of the host cells, convective spread is prevented by making the medium very viscous. After incubation the plaques, areas in which cells have been killed (or transformed), can be recognised and the number of infective virus particles in the original suspension estimated. 2. Assay for cells producing antibody against erythrocytes or against antigen that has been bound to the erythrocytes. The cell is surrounded by a clear plaque of haemolysis. Basic principle behind the assay is the same as for the virus plaque assay. (18 Nov 1997) |
| haemolytic plaque assay | <investigation> A haemolytic plaque assay is a lab technique used to show that certain antibodies are secreted by antibody-making cells when these cells are mixed with red blood cells. The mixture is spread onto a plate of agar, if a plaque appears, it means that the red blood cells have been destroyed (by haemolysis) by the antibodies. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Hageman factor assay | A test used to measure the activity of a blood clotting factor XII. This test may be used to evaluate excessive bleeding. Low factor XII may be seen in cases of congenital deficiency of factor XII, heparin administration and liver disease. (27 Sep 1997) |
| progesterone receptor assay | The progesterone receptor test (PgR assay) checks the tumour for its hormone status. (16 Dec 1997) |
| hemizona assay | <investigation> The hemizona assay is a laboratory test of the ability of sperm to penetrate into a human egg, first the egg is split in half, then one half is tested against the husband's sperm and the other half against sperm from a fertile man. (09 Oct 1997) |
| scintillation proximity assay | Assay system in which antibody or receptor molecule is bound to a bead that will emit light when _ emission from an isotope occurs in close proximity, i.e. From a radioactively labelled ligand. Avoids the need for scintillant in order to measure the amount of bound isotope and thus the amount of antigen or ligand present. (18 Nov 1997) |
| hormone receptor assay | A diagnostic test to determine whether a breast cancer's growth is influenced by hormones or if it can be treated with hormones. (09 Oct 1997) |