| AVA | activity vector analysis; antiviral antibody; aortic valve area; aortic valve atresia; arteriovenous... |
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| AVO | aortic valve opening; aortic valve orifice; atrioventricular opening |
| MVE | mitral valve echo; mitral valve excursion; Murray Valley encephalitis |
| DEFT | direct epifluorescent filter technique |
| ESF | electron scatter function; electrosurgical filter; erythropoietic stimulating factor |
| bird's nest ivc filter | <radiology> Introduced 1982; Cook Inc., Bloomington, IN advantages, low profile: 14.5 Fr introducer sheath, low recurrent PE rates (1.1 - 2.7% by clinical history), low IVC thrombosis rates (2.9 - 5.0% by clinical history), placement in large diameter IVCs (not greater than40mm), free-form configuration does not require centreing in IVC disadvantages: stainless steel: ferromagnetic = magnetic susceptibility artifact, more operator dependent, difficult to place in short IVCs (need about 7cm for proper placement), prolapse of filter wires (? clinical significance) see also: indications (12 Dec 1998) |
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| vena cava filter | A filter used for interruption of IVC to prevent pulmonary embolism; e.g., Greenfield filter. Synonym: venocaval filter. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vena-tech ivc filter | <radiology> Introduced as LGM (L.G. Medical, France), 1985; FDA aprroval 1991: Vena-Tech, Evanston, IL, 6-leg conical design with 6 stabilizing side bars, biocompatible metal known as Phynox (cobalt,chromium,iron,nickel,moly) Efficacy, recurrent PE: 2-6%, IVC occlusion: 8-24%, migration: 0-12% Advantages, ease of placement, excellent clot trapping efficiency, low profile, lacks ferromagnetic activity: minimal MRI artifacts Disadvantages, incomplete opening (6-19%): decreases clot-trapping efficiency, increased incidence from IJ approach, decreased with rapid deployment, increased IVC thrombosis rates: 8% initial reports; 22-24% on subsequent reports by ultrasound/MRI: 2-19% clinically symptomatic (12 Dec 1998) |
| venocaval filter | A filter used for interruption of IVC to prevent pulmonary embolism; e.g., Greenfield filter. Synonym: venocaval filter. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Rheinberg filter | <equipment> A colour-filter disk to be placed, as a dark field stop would be placed, below the substage condenser. The central circular area, that is filled with one of the two or three colour filters, should safely subtend the objective aperture. The annular quadrants around this are normally contrasting in colour. This is/are the colour shown by the organisms or other specimen detail against the coloured field. The effect is one kind of optical staining. (05 Aug 1998) |
| Greenfield filter | A multistrutted spring-styled filter usually placed in the inferior vena cava to prevent venous emboli from reaching the pulmonary circulation from the lower extremity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| micropore filter | A filter made of a meshwork of cellulose acetate or nitrate and with defined pore size. They can be autoclaved and the smaller pore sizes (0.22m,0.45m) are used for sterilising heat labile materials by filtering out micro organisms. Larger pore size filters are used in setting up Boyden chambers. They are about 150m thick and should be distinguished from Nucleopore filters. Millipore is a trade name for micropore filters. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Millipore filter | <cell culture, equipment> Trade name for a well known brand of micropore filters. (12 Jan 1998) |
| hemming filter | <apparatus> A filter placed between two tubes attached to each other, often used with centrifuges to selectively remove a substance of interest from a mixture in one tube and deposit the substance into the other tube. (09 Oct 1997) |
| high-pass filter | A device or material that allows high frequency signals to pass while attenuating other signals. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high quality filter paper | Used in paper chromatography. Synonym: high quality filter paper. Congo red paper, paper impregnated with Congo red; used as a pH indicator, changing from blue-violet at 3.0 to red at 5.0. Filter paper, an unsized paper used in pharmacy and chemistry for filtering solutions; many varieties are used for paper chromatography. (05 Mar 2000) |
| simon nitinol ivc filter | <radiology> Introduced 1990; Nitinol Medical Technologies, Woburn, MA. BARD, thermal memory alloy:titanium and nickel;, straightened form at cool temperatures (4-10C), reforms into predetermined filter shape at body temperatures efficacy, recurrent PE: 0 - 4.8%, IVC thrombosis: 7 - 11% (by clinical symptoms), access site thrombosis: 2 - 10% advantages, narrow introducer sheath (9 Fr), largest choice of access: brachial or left CFV approach without difficulty, only mild MRI artifacts disadvantages, IVC thrombosis: symptomatic occlusion rates higher than reported wtih Greenfield or bird's nest filters, caval penetration: 1 - 33%, caudal drop: exact filter location difficult to predict (12 Dec 1998) |
| spatial filter | <radiobiology> Device consisting of a lens pair and a pinhole aperture stop. Intensity fluctuations over the spatial extent of a laser beam are removed by passing the focused beam through the aperture stop. The pinhole must be placed in a vacuum to prevent air breakdown by the focused beam. These filters are used to counter the effects caused by self-focusing. (09 Oct 1997) |
| neutral-density filter | <equipment> A light-absorbing filter whose absorption spectrum is moderately flat. Depending on the type, the absorption curve is flat primarily in the visible spectral range, or may extend to varying degrees beyond the visible range. For video microscopy, this is an important point since the absorbance may or may not extend into the near-infrared region where the sensitivity of many video image pickup devices is very high. (05 Aug 1998) |
| nitinol filter | A vena cava filter made with a metal that springs into shape when warmed to body heat by the blood after catheter insertion. (05 Mar 2000) |