| DOC | date of conception; deoxycholate; deoxycorticosterone; died of other causes; disorders of cornificat... |
|---|---|
| NAD | neutrophil actin dysfunction; new antigenic determinant; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; nicotini... |
| ad | add [Lat. adde] let there be added [up to a specified amount] [Lat. addetur]; axiodistal; right ear ... |
| NES | not elsewhere specified |
| NOS | network operating system; nitric oxide synthetase; non-organ-specific; not on staff; not otherwise s... |
| biological products | Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or agents of organic origin, usually obtained by biological methods or assay, that depend for their action on the processes affecting immunity. They are used especially in diagnosis and treatment of disease (as vaccines or pollen extracts). Biological products are differentiated from biological factors in that the latter are compounds with biological or physiological activity made by living organisms. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| blood products | Biopharmaceutical products purified from human blood, such as the blood clotting factor VIII used to treat haemophiliacs. (Recombinant factor VIII is also on the market.) The term also refers to biopharmaceuticals that act on blood or the cells that make blood. These products are often produced by the cells themselves, but in such tiny amounts that extracting them from blood is impractical, and so they are genetically engineered. (14 Nov 1997) |
| gene products, env | Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesised as protein precursors (polyproteins) and later cleaved into the final products by a viral protease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, gag | Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesised as protein precursors or polyproteins, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. Gag is short for group-specific antigen. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, nef | Products of the HIV nef gene (formerly 3'-orf gene). The products trans-suppress viral replication and function as negative regulators of transcription. Nef stands for negative factor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, pol | Retroviral proteins coded by the pol gene. Often synthesised as a gag-pol fusion protein (fusion proteins, gag-pol) and later cleaved into final products that include reverse transcriptase, endonuclease/integrase, and viral protease. Pol is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, rev | Trans-acting nuclear proteins whose functional expression are required for HIV viral replication. Specifically, the rev gene products are required for processing and translation of the HIV gag and env mRNAs, and thus rev regulates the expression of the viral structural proteins. Rev can also regulate viral regulatory proteins. A cis-acting antirepression sequence (car) in env, also known as the rev-responsive element (rre), is responsive to the rev gene product. Rev is short for regulator of virion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, rex | Post-transcriptional regulatory proteins required for the accumulation of mRNAs that encode the gag and env gene products in HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The rex (regulator x; x is undefined) products act by binding to elements in the ltr. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, tat | Trans-acting transcription factors. Nuclear proteins whose expression is required for HIV viral replication. The tat protein stimulates HIV-ltr-driven RNA synthesis for both viral regulatory and viral structural proteins. Tat stands for trans-activation of transcription. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, tax | Transcriptional trans-acting proteins of the promoter elements found in the long-terminal repeats (ltr) of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The tax (trans-activator x; x is undefined) proteins act by binding to enhancer elements in the ltr. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, vif | A 23 kD regulatory protein important for virion infectivity in HIV. The protein is found in the cytoplasm of HIV-infected cells and is not absolutely required for virion formation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, vpr | Trans-acting proteins which accelerate virus replication in HIV. The vpr proteins act in trans to increase the levels of HIV specified proteins. Vpr is short for viral protein r, where r is undefined. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, vpu | Non-glycosylated, membrane-associated, 16 kD proteins which are expressed in large amounts in cells infected with HIV-1. The proteins are required for efficient virion maturation and release. They are not present in HIV-2 nor in siv. Vpu is short for viral protein u, with u undefined. (12 Dec 1998) |
| meat products | Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple). (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosylation end products, advanced | Products derived from the nonenzymatic reaction of glucose and proteins in vivo that exhibit a yellow-brown pigmentation and an ability to participate in protein-protein cross-linking. These substances are involved in biological processes relating to protein turnover and it is believed that their excessive accumulation contributes to the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. (12 Dec 1998) |