| 영문 | system | 한글 | 계, 계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인체를 구성하는 계는 다음과 같이 구분된다. 1) 심장혈관계통(cardiovascular system) 2) 호흡기계(respiratory system) 3) 소화기계(digeshive system) 4) 비뇨기계(urinary system) 5) 생식기계(genital system) 6) 혈액계(hematologic system) 7) 내분비계(endocrine system) 8) 신경계(nervous system) 9) 골격계(skeletal system) 10) 근육계(muscular system) 11) 피부계(integumentary system). |
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| 영문 | sympathetic nervous system | 한글 | 교감신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자율신경계의 일종으로 내장기능을 주로 항진시켜 활동을 증가시키는 기능을 가진다. 자율신경계의 다른 계열인 부교감신경계는 반대로 내장기능을 억제시켜 에너지를 비축하는 기능을 가진다. 자율신경계의 해부학적 특성은 신경이 중추신경계에서 나와 목표장기에 도달하기 전에 한번의 시냅스(synapse)를 이룬다는 점이며, 따라서 자율신경계는 두 개의 신경(시냅스를 이루기 전의 절전신경과 이룬 후의 절후신경)으로 구성된다. 자율신경계중 교감신경계는 중추신경계 즉 척수 부근의 교감신경절(sympathetic ganglion)에서 시냅스가 일어나고, 부교감 신경계는 중추신경계에서 멀리 떨어진 목표 장기부근의 신경절(ganglion)에서 시냅스가 일어나는 점이 다르다. |
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| 영문 | musculoskeletal System | 한글 | 근골격계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육과 이들 근육이 붙어서 같이 활동을 수행하는 골격(뼈를 통털어 말함)을 함께 부르는 말. 따라서 여기의 근육은 모두 가로무늬근에 속하며, 수의적으로 움직일 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | muscular system | 한글 | 근육계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육에 의해 이루어진 하나의 계통을 임의적으로 나누어 부른 말. |
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| 영문 | male reproductive system | 한글 | 남성생식기계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 남성의 생식기는 여러 기관으로 구성되어 있다. 고환, 부고환, 정관, 정낭, 전립샘, 외부성기(음경) 등으로 구성되는데, 실제적으로 정자를 생성하는 곳은 단 한 곳 고환뿐이며, 나머지 기관은 이를 돕는 기능을 수행하고 있다. 정자는 고환의 정세관이란 곳에서 만들어진 뒤에 밖으로 나와 긴 여정을 시작하게 된다. 그 뒤 부고환을 지나 좀 더 성숙해 진 뒤에 정관에서 정낭의 분비물과 만나고 다시 요도로 나가게 된다. 이때 요도 뒤쪽에 위치하는 전립샘의 분비물이 합쳐지게 되고 이 정액은 외부성기를 거쳐서 밖으로 나가게 된다.  |
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| CDH | 1) Chronic Daily Headache = CTH = ... |
|---|---|
| CDH | ceramide dihexoside; congenital diaphragmatic hernia; congenital dislocation of hip; congenital dysp... |
| POSSUM | Pictures of Standard Syndromes and Undiagnosed Malformations |
| T/LD100 | minimum dose causing 100% deaths or malformations |
| TORCH | toxoplasmosis, other [congenital syphilis and viruses], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex... |
| peripheral blood stem cell transplantation | A procedure that is similar to bone marrow transplantation. Doctors remove healthy immature cells (stem cells) from a patient's blood and store them before the patient receives high-dose chemotherapy and possibly radiation therapy to destroy the leukaemia cells. The stem cells are then returned to the patient, where they can produce new blood cells to replace cells destroyed by the treatment. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| peripheral cataract | A cataract in which the opacity affects the cortex of the lens. Synonym: peripheral cataract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral chemoreceptor | The chemoreceptor's in the carotid and aortic bodies that are stimulated by chemical changes in the composition of the blood such as hypoxia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral dysostosis | Dysostosis of the metacarpals and metatarsals, accompanied by variable facial features; possibly autosomal dominant inheritance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral facial paralysis | A condition that involves the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) and results in the paralysis of one side of the face. Bell's (facial nerve palsy) can be differentiated from a central (stroke) deficit by the inability to raise the eyebrow on the affected side. (27 Sep 1997) |
| peripheral glare | Glare occurring when the surrounding brightness is greater than the brightness of the object of attention. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral lymphoid tissue | Secondary lymphoid tissue, not necessarily located peripherally. See: lymphoid tissue. (18 Nov 1997) |
| peripheral membrane protein | <protein> Membrane proteins that are bound to the surface of the membrane and not integrated into the hydrophobic region. Usually soluble and were originally thought to bind to integral proteins by ionic and other weak forces (and could therefore be removed by high ionic strength, for example). However, it is now clear that some peripheral membrane proteins are covalently linked to molecules that are part of the membrane bilayer (see acylated proteins and glypiation) and that there are others that fit the original definition but are perhps more appropriately considered proteins of the cytoskeleton (e.g. Band 4.1 and spectrin) or extracellular matrix (e.g. Fibronectin). (18 Nov 1997) |
| peripheral nerves | The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium. (12 Dec 1998) |
| peripheral neuropathy | <neurology> Injury to the nerves that supply sensation to the arms and legs. Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease (16 Dec 1997) |
| peripheral ossifying fibroma | A reactive focal gingival overgrowth derived histogenetically from cells of the periodontal ligament and usually developing in response to local irritants (plaque and calculus) on associated teeth; consists microscopically of a hyperplastic cellular fibrous stroma supporting deposits of bone, cementum, or dystrophic calcification. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral protein | <protein> A water-soluble protein that is loosely bound (by hydrogen bonds orelectrostatic forces) to a membrane. (09 Oct 1997) |
| peripheral proteins | Pathways that can be easily removed from a biomembrane (e.g., by altering the pH or the ionic strength). Synonym: extrinsic proteins. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral resistance | The total resistance to flow of blood in the systemic circuit; the quotient produced by dividing the mean arterial pressure by the cardiac minute-volume. Synonym: peripheral resistance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peripheral scotoma | A scotoma outside of the central 30 degrees of the visual field. (05 Mar 2000) |