| AOB | accessory olfactory bulb; alcohol on breath |
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| AOT | accessory optic tract; Anderson Olsson table; anodal opening tetanus; Association of Occupational Th... |
| AP | accessory pathway; accounts payable; acid phosphatase; acinar parenchyma; action potential; active p... |
| MAGF | male accessory gland fluid |
| AION | Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy |
| hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy | Sensorimotor neuropathy characterised pathologically by collections of Schwann cell processes arranged concentrically around one or more nerve fibres. No genetic factors are known in its aetiology.For hereditary types, see hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| neuropathy | <clinical sign> A general term denoting functional disturbances and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system. If the involvement is in one nerve it is called mononeuropathy, in several nerves, mononeuropathy multiplex, if diffuse and bilateral, polyneuropathy. The aetiology may be known for example arsenical neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, ischaemic neuropathy, traumatic neuropathy) or unknown. Encephalopathy and myelopathy are corresponding terms relating to involvement of the brain and spinal cord, respectively. The term is also used to designate noninflammatory lesions in the peripheral nervous system, in contrast to inflammatory lesions (neuritis). Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease (18 Nov 1997) |
| dapsone neuropathy | A peripheral neuropathy that develops in patients taking dapsone (4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone); unusual features include being a pure motor neuropathy, and beginning in the hands, sometimes asymmetrically. (05 Mar 2000) |
| symmetric distal neuropathy | <neurology> A disease process involving a number of peripheral nerves. Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease (14 Oct 1997) |
| diabetic neuropathy | <neurology, pathology> Long standing or poorly controlled diabetes can cause permanent peripheral and autonomic nerve dysfunction known as diabetic neuropathy. Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease (27 Sep 1997) |
| diphtheritic neuropathy | A rapidly developing peripheral neuropathy caused by a toxin elaborated by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic neuropathy | Neuropathy resulting from acute or chronic ischemia of the involved nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic optic neuropathy | Optic nerve neuropathy secondary to hypoperfusion of the low pressure posterior ciliary arteries supplying the optic nerve head (nonarteritic) or to temporal arteritis (arteritic). (05 Mar 2000) |
| isoniazid neuropathy | An axonal form of neuropathy seen in some patients treated with isoniazid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| onion bulb neuropathy | Designation for any of several demyelinating polyneuropathies in which the nerves are enlarged, due to onion bulb formation-whorls of overlapping Schwann cell processes encircling bare medullated axons, e.g., progressive hypertrophic polyneuropathy. See: hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| optic neuropathy, ischemic | A severely blinding disease resulting from loss of the arterial blood supply to the optic nerve as a result of occlusive disorders of the nutrient arteries. Optic neuropathy is divided into anterior, which causes a pale oedema of the optic disk, and posterior, in which the optic disk is not swollen and the abnormality occurs between the globe and the optic chiasm. Ischemic anterior optic neuropathy usually causes a loss of vision that may be sudden or occur over several days; ischemic posterior optic neuropathy is uncommon and the diagnosis depends largely upon exclusion of other causes, chiefly stroke and brain tumour. (12 Dec 1998) |
| entrapment neuropathy | A focal nerve lesion produced by constriction or mechanical distortion of the nerve, within a fibrous or fibro-osseous tunnel, or by a fibrous band; with these lesions, stretching and angulation of the nerve may be as important a source of injury as compression; entrapment neuropathies tend to occur at particular sites in the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| familial amyloid neuropathy | <neurology> A disorder in which various peripheral nerves are infiltrated with amyloid and their functions disturbed, an abnormal prealbumin is also formed and is present in the blood; characteristically, it begins during mid-life and is found largely in persons of Portuguese descent. Other rare clinical types occur. Inheritance: autosomal dominant. Synonym: familial amyloidosis, hereditary amyloidosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead neuropathy | A peripheral neuropathy reportedly seen in chronic lead intoxication; reputedly characterised by wrist-drop, but no convincing modern reports of this are available. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leprous neuropathy | A slowly developing granulomatous neuropathy, commonly seen in leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. (05 Mar 2000) |