| AII | acute intestinal infection; second meiotic anaphase |
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| AIS | Abbreviated Injury Scale; amniotic infection syndrome; androgen insensitivity syndrome; anterior int... |
| ANLI | antibody-negative with latent infection |
| APIC | Association for Practitioners in Infection Control |
| AVRI | acute viral respiratory infection |
| leishmania major | A parasitic haemoflagellate of the subgenus leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) of the old world. Transmission is by phlebotomus sandflies. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| leishmania mexicana | A parasitic haemoflagellate of the subgenus leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals including rodents. The leishmania mexicana complex causes both cutaneous (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous) and includes the subspecies amazonensis, garnhami, mexicana, pifanoi, and venezuelensis. L. M. Mexicana causes chiclero ulcer, a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) in the new world. The sandfly, lutzomyia, appears to be the vector. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Leishmania mexicana amazonensis | A particularly widespread form of Leishmania mexicana in the Amazon basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and southern Venezuela), where it infects a variety of forest rodents, the reservoirs of human infection. The disease is rare in humans, but the single or multiple lesions, when induced, rarely heal spontaneously; the disseminated form is common, but nasopharyngeal involvement does not occur. The vector is the sandfly Lutzomyia flaviscutellata. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Leishmania mexicana garnhami | A subspecies of Leishmania mexicana, found in western Venezuela, causing single or multiple lesions in humans that heal spontaneously in about six months; the probable sandfly vector is Lutzomyia townsendi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Leishmania mexicana mexicana | A species described from Mexico, Guatemala, and Belise; agent of a form of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis called chiclero's ulcer, associated with chicle gum and mahogany forest workers. The New World sandfly, Lutzomyia olmeca, is a proven vector of this subspecies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Leishmania mexicana pifanoi | A strain of Leishmania mexicana accorded species status by those who consider it responsible for the diffuse or disseminated form of cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is responsible for this condition in Venezuela, where it was described, but it is now recognised that several species and subspecies of Leishmania cause similar disseminated forms of leishmaniasis in widely separated regions (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, Leishmania aethiopica); absence or suppression of the cell-mediated immune response in the host is also an important factor in induction of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Synonym: Leishmania pifanoi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Leishmania mexicana venezuelensis | A recently described subspecies of Leishmania mexicana from Venezuela that causes indolent, nodular, single lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis to develop, sometimes with curable disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis; infection has also been found in equines. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Leishmania peruviana | Species of Leishmania found infecting humans in the high Andean valleys of Peru and Bolivia; cause of a distinct form of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis called uta. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Leishmania pifanoi | A strain of Leishmania mexicana accorded species status by those who consider it responsible for the diffuse or disseminated form of cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is responsible for this condition in Venezuela, where it was described, but it is now recognised that several species and subspecies of Leishmania cause similar disseminated forms of leishmaniasis in widely separated regions (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis, Leishmania aethiopica); absence or suppression of the cell-mediated immune response in the host is also an important factor in induction of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Synonym: Leishmania pifanoi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leishmania tropica | A parasitic haemoflagellate of the subgenus leishmania leishmania that infects man and rodents. This taxonomic complex includes species which cause a disease called oriental sore which is a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) of the old world. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Leishmania tropica major | A parasitic haemoflagellate of the subgenus leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) of the old world. Transmission is by phlebotomus sandflies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Leishmania tropica mexicana | A parasitic haemoflagellate of the subgenus leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals including rodents. The leishmania mexicana complex causes both cutaneous (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous) and includes the subspecies amazonensis, garnhami, mexicana, pifanoi, and venezuelensis. L. M. Mexicana causes chiclero ulcer, a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmaniasis, cutaneous) in the new world. The sandfly, lutzomyia, appears to be the vector. (12 Dec 1998) |
| agonal infection | An acute infection, commonly pneumonic or septic, occurring toward the end of any disease and often the cause of death. Synonym: agonal infection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| airborne infection | A mechanism of transmission of an infectious agent by particles, dust, or droplet nuclei suspended in the air. (05 Mar 2000) |
| apical infection | Implantation of microorganisms at the apex of a tooth, usually the result of the migration of microorganisms from the pulp canal through the apical foramen. (05 Mar 2000) |