| BDAE | Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination |
|---|---|
| FAST | flow-assisted, short-term [balloon catheter]; fluorescent antibody staining technique; fluoro-allerg... |
| HAT | Halsted Aphasia Test; head, arm, trunk; heparin-associated thrombocytopenia; heterophil antibody tit... |
| MASA | Medical Association of South Africa; mental retardation-aphasia-shuffling gait-adducted thumbs [synd... |
| MLAB | Multilingual Aphasia Battery |
| aphasia | <clinical sign, neurology> A defect or loss of the ability to speak or write, loss of ability to understand spoken or written language, due to injury or disease of the brain centres. Origin: Gr. Phasis = speech (16 Dec 1997) |
|---|---|
| aphasia, broca | Loss of ability to speak and write caused by damage to the motor association cortex in the frontal lobe (broca's area). The deficit in language production ranges from almost complete muteness to a slowed, deliberate speech constructed from very simple grammatical structures. Patients use only key words: for "the large gray cat" the patient with broca's aphasia may say "gray cat". (kandel et al., principles of neural science, 3d ed, p847) (12 Dec 1998) |
| aphasia, conduction | A type of fluent aphasia in which there is normal comprehension of spoken language but words are repeated incorrectly. It results from a lesion of the arcuate fasciculus connecting broca's and wernicke's areas. Like patients with wernicke's aphasia (aphasia, wernicke), patients with conduction aphasia are fluent but have many paraphasic errors (incorrect words or sounds substituted for correct ones). The degree of fluency is less than that in wernicke's aphasia, but comprehension is good. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aphasia, primary progressive | A type of aphasia appearing gradually and gradually worsening without any major change in other cognitive functions. It is regarded by some authors as a syndrome which may be due to various degenerative diseases of the cerebral cortex (notably alzheimer disease, owing to its frequency), while others see in it an autonomous disease related to a neuropathological process that is distinct from the main degenerative dementias. The principal clinical peculiarity of primary progressive aphasia is that it spares the patient's autonomy for a long time, but ultimately turns into global dementia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aphasia, wernicke | Impairment in the comprehension of speech and meaning by words, both spoken and written, and of the meanings conveyed by their grammatical relationship in sentences. It is caused by a lesion primarily affecting wernicke's area, the left posterior portion of the temporal lobe. (12 Dec 1998) |
| associative aphasia | A form of aphasia in which the patient understands spoken and written words, is aware of his deficit, and can speak and write, but skips or repeats words, or substitutes one word for another (paraphasia);word repetition is severely impaired. The responsible lesion is in the associate tracks connecting the various language centres. Synonym: associative aphasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ataxic aphasia | A type of aphasia in which there is a deficit in speech production or language output, often accompanied by a deficit in communicating by writing, signs, etc. The patient is aware of his impairment. Synonym: anterior aphasia, ataxic aphasia, Broca's aphasia, expressive aphasia, nonfluent aphasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| auditory aphasia | An impairment in comprehension of the auditory forms of language and communication, including the ability to write from dictation in the presence of normal hearing. Spontaneous speech, reading, and writing are not affected. Synonym: acoustic aphasia, word deafness. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Broca's aphasia | <neurology> Motor aphasia due to a lesion of the motor speech centre (Broca's area) in the brain. (13 Nov 1997) |
| receptive aphasia | Aphasia in which there is impairment in the comprehension of spoken and written words, associated with effortless, articulated, but paraphrasic, speech and writing; malformed words, substitute words, and enologisms are charcteristic. When severe, and speech is incomprehensible, it is called jargon aphasia. The patient often appears unaware of his deficit. Synonym: fluent aphasia, impressive aphasia, posterior aphasia, psychosensory aphasia, receptive aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| global aphasia | In which all aspects of speech and communication are severely impaired. at best, patients can understand or speak only a few words or phrases; they cannot read or write. Synonym: mixed aphasia, total aphasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pathematic aphasia | Mutism related to anger or strong emotions. (05 Mar 2000) |
| visual aphasia | <neurology> Loss of the ability to understand printed words or sentences (27 Sep 1997) |
| graphic aphasia | <neurology> Loss of ability to write (a form of aphasia). Symptom common to tumours of the parietal lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. (16 Dec 1997) |
| graphomotor aphasia | <neurology> Loss of ability to write (a form of aphasia). Symptom common to tumours of the parietal lobe of the dominant cerebral hemisphere. (16 Dec 1997) |