| thyrotoxic coma | Coma preceding death in severe hyperthyroidism, as in thyroid storm or thyrotoxic crisis. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| trance coma | The deep sleep following major hypnosis. Synonym: trance coma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| uraemic coma | A metabolic encephalopathy caused by renal failure. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Kussmaul's coma | A severe metabolic derangement that occurs in the absence of insulin. Insulin allows the body to absorb glucose into cells for energy production. In the absence of insulin, the body starts to break down fats for fuel. A metabolic byproduct of fat metabolism is referred to as a ketone. The presence of elevated blood ketones in this setting is known as diabetic ketoacidosis. In extreme, untreated cases, this can lead to coma and death. (27 Sep 1997) |
| amorphous insulin zinc suspension | Sterile suspension of insulin in buffered water for injection, modified by the addition of zinc chloride such that the solid phase of the suspension is amorphous; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; the duration of action is equivalent to that of insulin injection. Synonym: amorphous insulin zinc suspension, semilente insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anti-insulin | A factor, usually an antibody, which antagonises the action of insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anti-insulin antibody | A serologic blood test that is used to detect antibodies to insulin. This test is performed in insulin dependent diabetics who exhibit insulin resistance. The presence of antibodies denotes a positive result. (27 Sep 1997) |
| biphasic insulin | <protein> A type of insulin that is a mixture of intermediate- and fast-acting insulin. (09 Oct 1997) |
| receptors, insulin | Cell surface proteins that bind insulin and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behaviour of cells. The best understood physiological consequence of insulin receptor activation is increased transport of glucose into most cells, which controls the rate of carbohydrate metabolism. The insulin receptor is a multifunctional protein complex that has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and is capable of autophosphorylation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, insulin-like-growth factor I | Specific proteins on or in cells to which insulin-like growth factor I (somatomedin c) binds and thereby modifies the function of the cells. These receptors contain transmembrane and cytosolic domains, bind igf-I preferentially, and have high-affinity sites for igf-II. The alpha-subunit has a mw of 130 kD and the beta subunit possesses tyrosine kinase activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, insulin-like-growth-factor II | Specific proteins on or in cells to which insulin-like growth factor II and mannose-6-phosphate bind and thereby modify the function of the cells. These receptors have a mw of 250 kD and possess no tyrosine kinase activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| regular insulin | A rapidly acting form of insulin which is a clear solution and may be administered intravenously as well as subcutaneously; may be mixed with longer acting forms of insulin to extend the duration of effect. Onset of effect occurs in 1/2 to 1 hour, peak effects are observed in 2 to 3 hours, and the duration of effect is about 5 to 7 hours. Synonym: globin insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| regular insulin injection | A preparation that may contain 20, 40, 80, 100, or 500 USP insulin units per ml, although the trend is toward standardizing all insulin preparations at 100 units per ml; it is administered subcutaneously, occasionally intravenously, and has a rapid onset of action, has a brief duration (5 to 7 hours), and is compatible for mixing with long-acting insulin preparations; used in the treatment of diabetic acidosis and insulin coma. Synonym: regular insulin injection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| globin insulin | A rapidly acting form of insulin which is a clear solution and may be administered intravenously as well as subcutaneously; may be mixed with longer acting forms of insulin to extend the duration of effect. Onset of effect occurs in 1/2 to 1 hour, peak effects are observed in 2 to 3 hours, and the duration of effect is about 5 to 7 hours. Synonym: globin insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| globin zinc insulin | A sterile solution of insulin modified by the addition of zinc chloride and globin; it contains 40 or 80 units per ml; duration of action is about 18 hours. Human insulin, a protein that has the normal structure of insulin produced by the human pancreas, prepared by recombinant DNA techniques and by semisynthetic processes. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI), that portion of insulin in blood measured by immunochemical methods for the hormone; presumed to represent the free (unbound) and biologically active fraction of total blood insulin. Isophane insulin, a modified form of insulin composed of insulin, protamine, and zinc; an intermediately acting preparation used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Synonym: NPH insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |