| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| ACC | accommodation; acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; acinic cell carcinoma; acute care center; adenoid cyst... |
|---|---|
| APHIS | Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |
| NCPPB | National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria |
| PE | Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia; pancreatic extract; paper electrophoresis; partial epilepsy; pelvic examina... |
| PGS | peristent gross splenomegaly; Pettigrew syndrome; plant growth substance; postsurgical gastroparesis... |
| water plant | A plant that grows in water; an aquatic plant. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
|---|---|
| pioneer plant | Plants that colonise disturbed sites or raw mineral soils and make them easier for succeeding plants species to grow in. (09 Oct 1997) |
| combined-cycle power plant | The combination of a gas turbine and a steam turbine in an electric generation plant. The waste heat from the gas turbine provides the heat energy for the steam turbine. (05 Dec 1998) |
| plant | 1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable with roots. "Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees." (Deut. Xvi. 21) 3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an orchard, or a forest. 4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of. "It engenders choler, planteth anger." (Shak) 5. To furnish with a fixed and organised population; to settle; to establish; as, to plant a colony. "Planting of countries like planting of woods." (Bacon) 6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant Christianity among the heathen. 7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face. 8. To set up; to install; to instate. "We will plant some other in the throne." (Shak) Origin: AS. Plantian, L. Plantare. See Plant. To perform the act of planting. "I have planted; Apollos watered." (1 Cor. Iii. 6) 1. A vegetable; an organised living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or even a single cellule. Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into two series, phaenogamous or flowering plants, which have true flowers and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants, which have no flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity. As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always contain chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering plants of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organised, thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly self-supporting. The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion of zoospores, etc, may be considered a kind of voluntary motion. 2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant of stubborn oak." 3. The sole of the foot. "Knotty legs and plants of clay." 4. The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad. 5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. "It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey." (Dickens) 6. <zoology> An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one of natural growth. A young oyster suitable for transplanting. Plant bug, any small hemipterous insect which infests plants, especially those of the families Aphidae and Psyllidae; an aphid. Origin: AS. Plante, L. Planta. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| plant antitoxin | Antitoxin specific for a phytotoxin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| plant association | A grouping of plant species, or a plant community, that recurs across the landscape. Plant associations are used as indicators of environmental conditions such as temperature, moisture, light, etc. (05 Dec 1998) |
| plant-cane | A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of inferior quality, and is called rattoon. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| plant casein | <plant biology> A prolamine, about 25% l-glutamic acid residues, found in oats (Avena) and in various legumes; considered highly nutritious. Synonym: legumin, plant casein. (05 Mar 2000) |
| plant community | <botany, ecology> The plant populations existing in a shared habitat or environment. (31 Dec 1997) |
| plant components | The anatomical components of a plant, including seeds. (12 Dec 1998) |
| plant dermatitis | See: dermatitis venenata. Primary irritant dermatitis, a frequently cumulative reaction of irritation on exposure of the skin to substances which are toxic to epidermal or connective tissue cells; lesions are usually erythematous and papular, but can be purulent or necrotic, depending on the nature of the toxic material applied. (05 Mar 2000) |
| plant-eating | Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a plant-eating beetle. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| plant epidermis | A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (12 Dec 1998) |
| plant extracts | Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing the active constituents therefrom with a suitable menstruum, evaporating all or nearly all the solvent, and adjusting the residual mass or powder to a prescribed standard. (12 Dec 1998) |
| plant families and groups | Groupings that include specific plants within larger families or divisions. (12 Dec 1998) |