| 영문 | testicular feminization syndrome | 한글 | 고환여성화증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 이차성장을 포함하여, 외성기의 발육은 여성이지만 고환이 존재하고, 자궁과 자궁관이 결핍되어 있는 남성 거짓남녀한몸증의 극단적 형태이다. 이것은 테스토스테론의 작용에 대한 말단기관의 저항에 기인한다. |
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| 영문 | irritable bowel syndrome | 한글 | 과민성대장증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 배변장애, 복통, 복부팽만 등의 증상이 있으나 기질적인 병변이 없음이 확인된 예를 총망라한 임상 증후군이다. 가장 흔한 소화기 질환이며(전소화기 환자의 70~80%) 가장 흔한 질병(전체 인구의 약 20%)이다. 여성이 남성에 비해 2배 정도 많이 발생하며 30대 및 40대에서 호발하고 선진 공업국에서 많이 발생한다. 진단을 위해서는 병력 청취가 가장 중요하고 각종 검사로서 기질병을 제외해야 한다. 치료로는 안정요법(정신과적 면담 및 심리요법, 신경안정제), 식사요법(고섬유질 음식 섭취, 자극성 음식 피하기), 약물 요법(창자경련 진정제, 변비 완화제, 지사제) 등을 사용한다. |
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| 영문 | withdrawal syndrome | 한글 | 금단증후근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 알코올, 마약, 바비투르산계 최면약 등의 약물을 장기간 복용하여 약물이 없이는 견딜 수 없게된 뒤, 그 약물을 중지한 경우에 나타나는, 고통이 수반되는 신체적 증상을 말한다. 연속 복용의 기간에 따라 증상이 무거워진다. 통상적으로 구토, 설사, 혈압상승, 빠른맥, 땀남, 혼수 등의 증상이 나타난다. |
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| 영문 | organic brain syndrome | 한글 | 기질적 뇌증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌의 기질적인(organic-:이 말은 기능적인(functional)에 반하는 말로써) 모든 검사를 시행하면 어떤 이상을 발견할 수 있다는 뜻이다. 바꾸어 말하면, 기능적인 이상에 의한 뇌증후군은 어떠한 검사로도 이상을 발견할 수 없으나 분명히 환자에게 이상증상이 나타났을 때 이를 묶어서 말한다. 이상에 의해 신경학적인 이상을 나타내는 일련의 병적현상을 모두 통틀어 말한다. 이 병은 흔히 보아 마치 정신병환자처럼 말을 횡설수설하고, 알아들을 수 없는 말을 하며, 때로는 다른 사람에게 공격적인 성향을 나타내기도 한다. 그리고 다른 사람과 도저히 교류를 할 수 없는 정서를 나타내기도 한다. 그러나, 이 병이 다른 정신병과 구별되는 특징적인 증상은 먼저, 의식의 혼탁이 동반되는 경우가 많고, 또한 그 증상의 정도가 변한다는 것이다. 즉, 아침에는 정상적인 행동을 하다가 오후가 되면, 의식이 흐려지면서 말을 횡설수설한다면, 이는 기질성뇌증후군일 가능성이 높다. |
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| 영문 | Down syndrome | 한글 | 다운증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 46개 염색체 중 제 21번 염색체의 수가 1개 더 많아지므로써 나타나는 병이다. 환자의 생김새가 마치 몽고 사람과 닮았다 하여 일명 몽고증(mongolism)이라고 하였으나 잘못된 이름이다. 이 병은 반드시 21번 염색체가 3개가 되는 경우이외에도 21번 염색체의 일부분이 다른 염색체의 일부분과 교환이 되는 translocation형 등의 다른 염색체이상에서도 볼 수가 있다. 발생 빈도는 출생아 700~1000명중 1명 꼴로 나타나며, 염색체 이상병 중에 가장 많은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 병의 발생빈도는 산모의 출산연령과 밀접한 관계가 있어, 35세 이후가 되면 기하 급수적으로 이 질환자의 출산수가 증가한다. 일반적으로 이 질환에 있어서 약 3분의 1은 모친의 출산연령에 의존하지 않고, 나머지 약 3분의 2는 모친의 연령과 직접 관련이 있는 것으로 보고 있다. 진단은 특징적인 생김새, 즉 몽고 사람같이 눈꼬리가 위로 치켜져 있고 눈거풀이 두꺼우며 콧등이 낮은 특징적인 얼굴 모습, 또한 근육의 긴장도가 저하되고 젖을 빠는 힘과 울음 소리가 약하며 손바닥의 좌우를 가르는 한줄의 손금(원숭이와 같은 형태이다) 등의 특징적인 소견에 의해 보조진단을 하고 최종적으로 염색체 분석에 의해 확진을 한다. 이 다운증후군의 환자는 대개 지능이 저하되어 있고, 여러 가지 종류의 선천성 심장기형을 많이 동반하고 있다. |
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| HF | Hageman factor; haplotype frequency; hard filled [capsule]; hay fever; head of fetus; head forward; ... |
|---|---|
| HT | Hashimoto thyroiditis; hearing test; hearing threshold; heart; heart transplantation, heart transpla... |
| NS | natural science; Neosporin; nephrosclerosis; nephrotic syndrome; nervous system; neurological surger... |
| CS | calf serum; campomelic syndrome; carcinoid syndrome; cardiogenic shock; caries-susceptible; carotid ... |
| PCS | palliative care service; Patient Care System; patterns of care study; pelvic congestion syndrome; ph... |
| pregnancy, high-risk | Pregnancy in which the mother and/or foetus are at greater than normal risk of morbidity or mortality. Causes include lack of adequate prenatal care, previous obstetrical history, pre-existing maternal disease or pregnancy-induced disease, and multiple gestation, as well as advanced maternal age. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| hearing loss, high-frequency | Hearing loss in frequencies above 1000 hertz. (12 Dec 1998) |
| high | 1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high. 2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; used indefinitely or relatively, and often in figurative senses, which are understood from the connection. Elevated in character or quality, whether moral or intellectual; preeminent; honorable; as, high aims, or motives. "The highest faculty of the soul." Exalted in social standing or general estimation, or in rank, reputation, office, and the like; dignified; as, she was welcomed in the highest circles. "He was a wight of high renown." (Shak) Of noble birth; illustrious; as, of high family. Of great strength, force, importance, and the like; strong; mighty; powerful; violent; sometimes, triumphant; victorious; majestic, etc.; as, a high wind; high passions. "With rather a high manner." "Strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand." (Ps. Lxxxix. 13) "Can heavenly minds such high resentment show?" (Dryden) Very abstract; difficult to comprehend or surmount; grand; noble. "Both meet to hear and answer such high things." (Shak) "Plain living and high thinking are no more." (Wordsworth) Costly; dear in price; extravagant; as, to hold goods at a high price. "If they must be good at so high a rate, they know they may be safe at a cheaper." (South) Arrogant; lofty; boastful; proud; ostentatious; used in a bad sense." "An high look and a proud heart . . . Is sin." (Prov. Xxi. 4) "His forces, after all the high discourses, amounted really but to eighteen hundred foot." (Clarendon) 3. Possessing a characteristic quality in a supreme or superior degree; as, high (i. E, intense) heat; high (i. E, full or quite) noon; high (i. E, rich or spicy) seasoning; high (i. E, complete) pleasure; high (i. E, deep or vivid) colour; high (i. E, extensive, thorough) scholarship, etc. "High time it is this war now ended were." (Spenser) "High sauces and spices are fetched from the Indies." (Baker) 4. Strong-scented; slightly tainted; as, epicures do not cook game before it is high. 5. Acute or sharp; opposed to grave or low; as, a high note. 6. Made with a high position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate, as e (eve), oo (food). High admiral, the chief admiral. High altar, the principal altar in a church. High and dry, out of water; out of reach of the current or tide; said of a vessel, aground or beached. High and mighty arrogant; overbearing. High art, art which deals with lofty and dignified subjects and is characterised by an elevated style avoiding all meretricious display. High bailiff, the chief bailiff. High Church, and Low Church, two ecclesiastical parties in the Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church. The high-churchmen emphasize the doctrine of the apostolic succession, and hold, in general, to a sacramental presence in the Eucharist, to baptismal regeneration, and to the sole validity of Episcopal ordination. They attach much importance to ceremonies and symbols in worship. Low-churchmen lay less stress on these points, and, in many instances, reject altogether the peculiar tenets of the high-church school. See Broad Church. High constable, the open sea; the part of the ocean not in the territorial waters of any particular sovereignty, usually distant three miles or more from the coast line. High steam, steam having a high pressure. High steward, the chief steward. High tea, tea with meats and extra relishes. High tide, the greatest flow of the tide; high water. High time. Quite time; full time for the occasion. A time of great excitement or enjoyment; a carousal. High treason, treason against the sovereign or the state, the highest civil offense. See Treason. It is now sufficient to speak of high treason as treason simply, seeing that petty treason, as a distinct offense, has been abolished. High water, the utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide; also, the time of such elevation. High-water mark. That line of the seashore to which the waters ordinarily reach at high water. A mark showing the highest level reached by water in a river or other body of fresh water, as in time of freshet. <botany> High-water shrub, a composite shrub (Iva frutescens), growing in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of the United States. High wine, distilled spirits containing a high percentage of alcohol; usually in the plural. To be on a high horse, to be on one's dignity; to bear one's self loftily. With a high hand. With power; in force; triumphantly. "The children of Israel went out with a high hand." In an overbearing manner, arbitrarily. "They governed the city with a high hand." . Synonym: Tall, lofty, elevated, noble, exalted, supercilious, proud, violent, full, dear. See Tall. Origin: OE. High, hegh, hey, heh, AS. Heah, hh; akin to OS. Hh, OFries. Hag, hach, D. Hoog, OHG. Hh, G. Hoch, Icel. Hr, Sw. Hog, Dan. Hoi, Goth. Hauhs, and to Icel. Haugr mound, G. Hugel hill, Lith. Kaukaras. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| high altitude cerebral oedema | <physiology> A serious condition that results from the sudden increase in pressure within the brain due to swelling. This is thought to occur secondary to exposure to high altitudes, generally in excess of 12,000 feet. (12 Jan 1998) |
| high altitude chamber | A decompression chamber for simulating a high altitude environment, particularly its low barometric pressure. Synonym: high altitude chamber. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high altitude pulmonary oedema | <physiology> The abnormal deposition of fluid into the lungs that occurs with exposure to lower barometric pressure and low oxygen. (12 Jan 1998) |
| high altitude sickness | A condition that results from the exposure to lower barometric pressure (lower oxygen concentration). Synonym: acute mountain sickness. (27 Sep 1997) |
| high blood cholesterol | A condition where there is an above normal level of cholesterol in the bloodstream. A level of over 200 mg/dl is known to be a risk factor for heart disease. Less than 200 is desirable, 200 to 239 is considered borderline high, over 240 is considered high. (27 Sep 1997) |
| high blood triglyceride | <biochemistry> Elevation of triglycerides, a fatty substance found in the bloodstream. Normal triglyceride blood levels should be 10-150 milligrams per decilitre. Elevations of the triglyceride level (particularly in association with elevated cholesterol) have been correlated with the development of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart disease and stroke. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (27 Sep 1997) |
| high-bred | Bred in high life; of pure blood. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| high-calorie diet | A diet containing upward of 4,000 calories per day. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high convex | The segment of a sphere of short radius. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high density lipoprotein | <biochemistry> These lipoproteins acts to carry cholesterol in the bloodstream. Raised high density lipoprotein levels have been correlated with a lower risk for heart disease. Less than 35 mg/dl is considered a positive risk factor for coronary artery disease, over 60 mg/dl is considered a negative risk factor (reduces your risk of heart disease). Recent studies show a low high density lipoprotein level is the strongest predictor of cardiovascular death in women. Acronym: HDL (18 Nov 1997) |
| high dose tolerance | The induction of tolerance by exposure to high doses of antigen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high-egg-passage vaccine | Living Flury strain rabies virus at the 180th to 190th level egg passage (embryonate eggs), used for vaccination of cattle and cats, low-egg-passage (LEP) vaccine: at the 40th to 50th passage level, containing 103 to 104 mouse LD50; nonpathogenic in dogs but retains some pathogenicity for cattle and cats. (05 Mar 2000) |