| 영문 | radiation dose | 한글 | 방사선량 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 방사선조사의 정도. 방사선생물학이나 인체의 방사선방호에서는 전리방사선의 양, 즉 선량이 문제가 된다. 방사선량에서도 국제단위계(SI)가 채용되어 국제방사선방호위원회(ICRP)의 권고에 따라서 다음의 여러 단위가 널리 사용된다. ① 흡수선량(absorbed dose). 물질의 단위질량이 방사선에 의해 받아들이는 에너지. 이 단위는 방사선 및 물질의 종류가 어떠한 것이더라도 사용할 수 있다. 국제단위는 J/kg이며 이것에 고유한 명칭으로 그레이(gray, 기호 Gy)가 부여된다. 1Gy=100라드(rad). ② 조사선량(exposure) 또는 공중선량. X선 또는 γ선에 한해서 사용된다. 국제단위는 C/kg. ③ 선량당량(dose equivalent). 방사선방호를 위해 사용되는 양. 기호는 H. H는 방사선의 종류와 에너지에 의해 생체에 주는 효과를 보정하는 선질계수(Q)와 그 밖의 인자(예를 들면 선량률, 방사성동위원소에 의한 내부피폭시에는 그 핵종의 체내분포 등)에 근거한 보정계수(N)를 흡수선량(D)에 곱한 것, 즉 H=D-Q-N. 또한 D의 단위를 Gy 또는 rad로 표시하였을 때 H의 단위를 각각 시베르트(sievert, 기호 Sv) 및 렘(rem)이라고 한다. 따라서 1 Sv=102rem. 일반적으로 단위시간당의 선량을 선량률(dose rate)이라고 한다. |
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| 영문 | radiation therapy | 한글 | 방사선요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | X선, γ선의 전자방사선이나 전자선, 양자선, 중성자선 등의 입자방사선을 이용해, 주로 악성 종양 치료를 목적으로 하는 치료법이다. 암세포가 주위의 정상세포보다도 방사선 감수성이 높은 점을 이용하여, 정상세포의 손상을 가능한 한 최소로 억제하면서 암세포를 파괴한다. 사용되는 방사선에는 밀봉소선원에서 나오는 γ선, 직선가속기에서 얻어지는 고에너지 X선과 전자선, 텔레코발트장치에 의한 60Co의 γ선과, 베타트론에 의한 전자선, 사이크로트론에서 얻어지는 양자선, 중성자선 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | radiation therapy | 한글 | 방사선치료 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 방사선의 살균효과나 세포를 죽이는 효과를 치료에 이용하는 방법으로, 좁은 의미로 암의 방사선치료를 의미한다. 암에 대한 방사선치료는 암세포를 죽이는데 효과가 큰 베타선을 주로 사용한다. 하지만, 이런 방사선치료는 정상세포에도 큰 영향을 끼쳐 이에 따른 기능의 장애를 가져올 수 있다. 따라서 방사선치료에 있어서는 단지 그 암세포에 대한 작용뿐만 아니라, 정상세포에 대한 작용도 고려하여 시행한다. |
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| DUE | drug use evaluation |
|---|---|
| EDD | effective drug duration; electron dense deposit; end-diastolic dimension; esophageal detection devic... |
| GE | gastric empyting; gastroemotional; gastroenteritis; gastroenterology; gastroenterostomy; gastroesoph... |
| HSAS | hydrocephalus due to stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius; hypertrophic subaortic stenosis |
| TG | tendon graft; testosterone glucuronide; tetraglycine; thioglucose; thioglycolate; thioguanine; throm... |
| infantile gastroenteritis virus | <virology> Genus of the Reoviridae having a double layered capsid and 11 double stranded RNA molecules in the genome. They have a wheel like appearance in the electron microscope and cause acute diarrhoeal disease in their mammalian and avian hosts. Probably the most important cause of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children under three years of age worldwide. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever and diarrhoea. Aggressive fluid replacement is generally required. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| endemic nonbacterial infantile gastroenteritis | An endemic viral gastroenteritis of young children (6 months to 12 years) that is especially widespread during winter, caused by strains of rotavirus; the incubation period is 2 to 4 days, with symptoms lasting 3 to 5 days, including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fever, and vomiting. Synonym: infantile gastroenteritis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| transmissible gastroenteritis of swine | A rapidly spreading disease of swine, caused by a coronavirus (of the family Coronaviridae) and characterised by severe diarrhoea and vomiting; case fatality rate in pigs younger than 10 days is high; in older pigs it is low. Synonym: porcine transmissible gastroenteritis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine | A coronavirus that causes transmissible gastroenteritis of swine. Synonym: TGE virus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| eosinophilic gastroenteritis | <radiology> Eosinophilic infiltration of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis of small bowel with or without stomach, stomach (almost always limited to antrum): enlarged gastric rugae, cobblestone nodules, polyps (=mucosal type), rigid wall with narrowed antrum/pylorus, bulky inramural mass up to 9 cm (=muscular type), wet stomach, ulcers rare, may have ascites, small bowel (predominantly jejunum), thickening and distortion of folds (=mucosal type), effacement of mucosa and narrowing of lumen (=muscular type), prognosis: tendency to spontaneous remission, treatment: steroids; removal of sensitizing agent (12 Dec 1998) |
| epidemic gastroenteritis virus | A RNA virus, about 27 nm in diameter, which has not been cultured in vitro; it is the cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis; at least five antigenically distinct serotypes have been recognised, including the Norwalk agent. These viruses are probably classified with the Caliciviruses in the family Caliciviridae. Synonym: gastroenteritis virus type A. (05 Mar 2000) |
| epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis | An epidemic, highly communicable but rather mild disease of sudden onset, caused by the epidemic gastroenteritis virus (especially Norwalk agent), with an incubation period of 16 to 48 hours and a duration of 1 to 2 days, which affects all age groups; infection is associated with some fever, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and headache, one or another of which may be predominant. Synonym: acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| amoebic colitis | Inflammation of the colon in amoebiasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| granulomatous colitis | Changes, identical to those of regional enteritis, involving the colon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis | <pathology> Inflammation of the colon. (18 Nov 1997) |
| colitis, crohn's | Crohn's disease affecting only the large intestine (colon). The disease usually affects persons in their teens or early twenties. It tends to be chronic, recurrent with periods of remission and exacerbation. In the early stages, it causes small scattered shallow crater-like areas (erosions) called apthous ulcers in the inner surface of the bowel. With time, deeper and larger ulcers develop, causing scarring and stiffness of the bowel and the bowel becomes increasingly narrowed, leading to obstruction. Deep ulcers can puncture holes in the bowel wall, leading to infection in the abdominal cavity (peritonitis) and in adjacent organs. Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss can be symptoms. Crohn's disease can be associated with reddish tender skin nodules, and inflammation of the joints, spine, eyes, and liver. Diagnosis is by barium enema, barium X-ray of the small bowel, and colonoscopy. Treatment includes medications for inflammation, immune suppression, antibiotics, or surgery. (The disease is also called granulomatous enteritis or regional enteritis). (12 Dec 1998) |
| colitis cystica profunda | Intramural mucus-containing cysts of the large bowel; the condition may be mistaken for mucinous carcinoma but is not neoplastic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis cystica superficialis | A form of colitis in which there is superficial cyst formation in the colon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis gravis | An obsolete term for ulcerative colitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis, ischemic | Acute vascular insufficiency of the colon usually involving the portion supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. The symptoms include pain at the iliac fossa, bloody diarrhoea, low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and abdominal tenderness. The classic radiologic sign is thumbprinting due to localised elevation of the mucosa by submucosal haemorrhage or oedema. Ulceration may follow. (12 Dec 1998) |