| 영문 | facial palsy | 한글 | 얼굴신경마비 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 중추성과 말초성으로 나뉘어 진다. 말초성 얼굴신경마비는 외상, 바이러스감염(람세이헌트증후군), 귀병 등에서 생기는데, 원인불명의 것이 많고, 이것을 벨마비라고 한다. 한냉노출이 요인이 되는 수가 있다. 발병은 급격하고 마비는 보통 일측성이다. 마비측의 얼굴에 주름이 생기기 않고, 눈틈새는 넓으며, 눈을 충분히 감지 못하고, 눈을 감으려고 시도하면 안구는 위쪽으로 회전한다. 환측에서는 코입술고랑이 얕고, 입구석은 쳐져서 정상쪽으로 끌리고 음식물이 고인다. 휘파람도 볼 수 없다. 얼굴신경의 장애부위에 따라서 혀의 앞 2/3의 미각장애, 청각과민, 침의 분비장애가 뒤따른다. 통상 2~3개월 이내에 낫는데 남는 수도 있다. 중추성 얼굴신경마비는 뇌혈관장애, 뇌종양 등의 뇌실질장애에서 볼 수 있으며, 얼굴하반부만의 마비이고, 마비측의 이마에 주름이 생기게 할 수가 있다. |
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| 영문 | facial spasm | 한글 | 얼굴연축 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 제7뇌신경인 얼굴신경의 지배근육에 국한된 한쪽성의 불수의 수축이며, 눈꺼풀로부터 점차 눈확 하부, 볼부분 입 모서리부분으로 퍼진다. 경련은 간대성으로 발작성 발현을 하며 피로나 정신적 긴장에 따라 증강된다. 50대 이후에 여성에게 많다. 중증인 경우에는 눈을 뜨기가 곤란하다. 원인은 명백하지 않은 것이 많지만 말초성 얼굴신경 손상의 치유 후, 또는 얼굴신경 기시부의 혈관(앞소뇌동맥, 뒤밑소뇌동맥, 척추동맥 등)에 의한 압박 등이 있다. |
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| ABCDES | abnormal alignment, bones-periarticular osteoporosis, cartilage-joint space loss, deformities, margi... |
|---|---|
| BJ | Bence Jones [protein, proteinuria]; biceps jerk; Bielschowsky-Jansky [syndrome]; bones and joints |
| B&J | bones and joints |
| BJE | bones, joints, and examination |
| BJM | bones, joints, and muscles |
| Bertin's bones | Paired ossicles of pyramidal shape, the spines of which are in contact with the medial pterygoid lamina, the bases forming the roof of the nasal cavity. Synonym: conchae sphenoidales, Bertin's bones, Bertin's ossicles, sphenoidal turbinated bones. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| bones of digits | The phalanges and sesamoid bones of the fingers and toes. Synonym: ossa digitorum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bones of inferior limb | These include the inferior limb girdle (hip bone) and the skeleton of the free inferior limb (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsus, metatarsus, and bones of the toes). Synonym: ossa membri inferioris, bones of inferior limb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bones of lower limb | These include the inferior limb girdle (hip bone) and the skeleton of the free inferior limb (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsus, metatarsus, and bones of the toes). Synonym: ossa membri inferioris, bones of inferior limb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bones of superior limb | These include the superior limb girdle (scapula and clavicle) and the skeleton of the free superior limb (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist bones, metacarpus, and bones of the fingers). Synonym: ossa membri superioris, bones of superior limb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bones of upper extremity | The bones of the upper and lower arm. They include the clavicle and scapula. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bones of upper limb | These include the superior limb girdle (scapula and clavicle) and the skeleton of the free superior limb (humerus, radius, ulna, wrist bones, metacarpus, and bones of the fingers). Synonym: ossa membri superioris, bones of superior limb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bones of visceral cranium | The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid, palatine, and zygomatic bones, mandible, and maxilla, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Breschet's bones | One of the small ossicles occasionally found in the ligaments of the sternoclavicular articulation. Synonym: Breschet's bones, episternal bone, suprasternal bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| brittle bones | <orthopaedics, paediatrics> A group of genetic diseases of the bones. Divided into four types all result in brittle and frail bones. Multiple broken bones are common. Other features include deafness, white of the eyes appear bluish, kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis, tooth abnormalities, chest deformities and short stature. There is no specific treatment. Genetic counseling is important for families with the disease. (27 Sep 1997) |
| marble bones | The formation of abnormally dense bone, as opposed to osteoporosis. (18 Nov 1997) |
| carpal bones | Eight bones arranged in two rows that articulate proximally with the radius and indirectly with the ulna, and distally with the five metacarpal bones; in domestic mammals, the bones of the proximal row are called radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory, while those of the distal row are termed first, second, third, and fourth carpal bones. Synonym: carpus, ossa carpi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Riolan's bones | Several small sutural bone's sometimes present in the petro-occipital suture. (05 Mar 2000) |
| metatarsal bones | The five long bones of the metatarsus articulating with the tarsal bones proximally and the toes (phalanges) distally. (12 Dec 1998) |
| wormian bones | <radiology> Small ossicles within cranial suture lines, osteogenesis imperfecta, cleidocranial dysostosis, cretinism, idiopathic, Down syndrome, hypophosphatasia, Menkes kinky-hair syndrome, progeria, pyknodysostosis (12 Dec 1998) |