| 영문 | medullary tumor | 한글 | 수질성 종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 암의 병리학적인 분류중 하나. 여러 기관의 암에서 나타나는데 주로 갑상샘암이나 유방암에서 보인다. |
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| 영문 | malignant tumor | 한글 | 악성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상적인 조직 세포가 각종 물리적-화학적-생물학적인 발암 물질의 작용 또는 요인에 의해 돌연변이를 일으켜서 형성되는 종양. 무제한의 세포분열로 매우 왕성하게 증식하여 주위조직을 파괴-침식한다. 또 어떤 화학물질을 내어 주위의 조직세포를 침해할 뿐만 아니라, 혈관 및 림프관을 따라 전이하여 전신의 카켁시아를일으켜 죽음을 초래한다. 상피성인 것을 암종이라 하고, 비상피성인 것을 육종이라 한다. |
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| 영문 | benign tumor | 한글 | 양성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 발육속도가 완만하여 성장에 한계가 있고, 주위와의 경계가 명확하며, 다른 조직으로 퍼지지 않으며, 침윤이나 전이를 일으키지 아니하는 종양. 섬유종이나 지방종 따위가 전형적인 예이다. 양성종양은 종양이 존재한다고 해도 1차적으로 숙주의 생명을 위협하는 일은 없다. 양성종양의 발육형식은 주위의 조직간에 왕래하는 일이 없이 주위의 조직을 밀어내며 증식한다. 발육속도는 완만하며 전이하거나 절제 후 재발하는 일이 극히 드물다. 종양성분은 변이체이긴 하지만 성숙한 정상세포와 거의 다른 것이 없다. 전신에 대한 영향은 악성종양의 경우 어느 정도 발육했을 때 전신의 영양상태가 손상되어 카켁시아가 되지만 양성종양의 경우 이런 일은 거의 없다. 양성종양과 악성종양의 성상의 차이에 엄밀한 경계는 없고, 경계경변으로 보이는 종양도 있다. |
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| 영문 | Wilms' tumor | 한글 | 윌름즈종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥에서 발생하는 악성종양으로 소아에서 자주 발생한다. 흔히 소아에서 복부내종양을 발견시 중앙선을 넘어서면 신경모세포종이고, 중앙선을 넘지 않으면 윌름즈종양을 의심할 만큼 중요하고 흔한 종양이다. 대개 증상은 없는 편이며, 주로 아기의 목욕을 시켜주다가 우연히 발견된 복부내종괴 때문에 병원을 찾게 된다. 진단시 컴퓨터단층촬영으로 주위의 전이가 없는지를 확인해야 하며, 전이가 없으면 항암화학요법, 방사선치료요법, 그리고 수술요법의 병합요법에 의한 치료효과가 높다. |
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| 영문 | mucinous tumor | 한글 | 점액종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 점액으로 구성된 종양을 말하는데 주로 여성의 난소에서 발생하는 낭성(물주머니같은 종양을 말함) 종양에서 많이 볼 수 있다. |
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| AFP | Alpha(α) Feto-Protein [HP 1826, 1858, 1859, 2265] ; Oncofetal Antigens &nbs... |
|---|---|
| BT | base of tongue; bedtime; bitemporal; bitrochanteric; bladder tumor; Blalock-Taussig [shunt]; bleedin... |
| CT | calcitonin; calf testis; cardiac tamponade; cardiothoracic [ratio]; carotid tracing; carpal tunnel; ... |
| TNM | primary tumor, regional nodes, metastasis [tumor staging]; thyroid node metastases; tumor node metas... |
| AH | abdominal hysterectomy; absorptive hypercalciuria; accidental hypothermia; acetohexamide; acid hydro... |
| Paul Ehrlich | <person> A brilliant scientist and student, born in Silesia, Germany, who at the age of 23 published his first scientific paper which was on the discovery of the mast cells - a name coined by him (1887). While a resident in medicine at Charite Hospital in Berlin he utilised the newly discovered aniline dyes to develop some of the basic methods of histology. Among his contributions are: The preparation and staining of blood smears, he demonstrated granules in leukocytes, described the neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, myelocyte, and mononuclear cells (white blood cells), he demonstrated normoblasts, megaloblasts and microblasts of the erythrocytic (red blood cell) series. In 1887, he differentiated lymphocytic leukaemia from "bone marrow leukaemia" (myeloid) on blood smear, in 1888, he described aplastic anaemia, in 1882 the diazo reaction of typhoid urines, in 1882, less than six weeks after Koch described the Tuberculus bacillus, Ehrlich had described its acid-fastness and devised the fuchsin stain to demonstrate the pink rod on a blue background. Ehrlich fell ill with tuberculosis and went to Egypt for 3 years for rest and cure. Following his return, he entered the field of immunology. at Von Behring's request, he developed means of standardising antitoxin dosage (immunization units). at the age of 42, he became director of the "Royal Institute for Standardisation and Investigation of Antitoxic Sera." Here he devised his famous "side-chain" theory of immunisation. It has since been replaced. Paul Ehrlich reinvestigated Bordet's alexin and heat-stable substance and named them "complement" and "immune body". Ehrlich coined the terms and created a new science of chemotherapy. In 1910 he discovered Salvarsan or 606, a therapeutic antiluetic. For his silver bullet (Salvarsan) in 1908, he received the Nobel Prize. This scientist was greatly concerned over the problem of drug fastness which still remains a problem. He died August 20, 1915. Lived: 1854-1915. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| Heinz-Ehrlich body | A round oxyphil body found in the red blood cell in case of haemocytolysis due to a specific blood poison. Synonym: Heinz-Ehrlich body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich | Paul, German bacteriologist, immunologist, and Nobel laureate, 1854-1915. See: Ehrlichia, Ehrlich's anaemia, Ehrlich's inner body, Ehrlich's phenomenon, Ehrlich's postulate, Ehrlich's diazo reagent, Ehrlich's theory, Ehrlich-Turk line. See entries under stain; reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich, Paul | <person> A brilliant scientist and student, born in Silesia, Germany, who at the age of 23 published his first scientific paper which was on the discovery of the mast cells - a name coined by him (1887). While a resident in medicine at Charite Hospital in Berlin he utilised the newly discovered aniline dyes to develop some of the basic methods of histology. Among his contributions are: The preparation and staining of blood smears, he demonstrated granules in leukocytes, described the neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, myelocyte, and mononuclear cells (white blood cells), he demonstrated normoblasts, megaloblasts and microblasts of the erythrocytic (red blood cell) series. In 1887, he differentiated lymphocytic leukaemia from "bone marrow leukaemia" (myeloid) on blood smear, in 1888, he described aplastic anaemia, in 1882 the diazo reaction of typhoid urines, in 1882, less than six weeks after Koch described the Tuberculus bacillus, Ehrlich had described its acid-fastness and devised the fuchsin stain to demonstrate the pink rod on a blue background. Ehrlich fell ill with tuberculosis and went to Egypt for 3 years for rest and cure. Following his return, he entered the field of immunology. at Von Behring's request, he developed means of standardising antitoxin dosage (immunization units). at the age of 42, he became director of the "Royal Institute for Standardisation and Investigation of Antitoxic Sera." Here he devised his famous "side-chain" theory of immunisation. It has since been replaced. Paul Ehrlich reinvestigated Bordet's alexin and heat-stable substance and named them "complement" and "immune body". Ehrlich coined the terms and created a new science of chemotherapy. In 1910 he discovered Salvarsan or 606, a therapeutic antiluetic. For his silver bullet (Salvarsan) in 1908, he received the Nobel Prize. This scientist was greatly concerned over the problem of drug fastness which still remains a problem. He died August 20, 1915. Lived: 1854-1915. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Ehrlich reaction | The reaction of the indole derivatives with aromatic aldehydes; e.g., tryptophan and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in H2SO4 give a red-violet colour useful in assaying proteins for tryptophan content. Synonym: Ehrlich reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's acid haematoxylin stain | <technique> An alum type of haematoxylin stain used as a regressive staining method for nuclei, followed by differentiation to required staining intensity; the solution may be allowed to ripen naturally in sunlight or partially oxidised with sodium iodate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's anaemia | <haematology> This form of anaemia occurs when the bone marrow ceases sufficient red and white blood cell production. It may be induced by exposures to high levels of toxic chemicals, radiation and certain drugs. It is generally unresponsive to specific therapy, often accompanied by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, in which the bone marrow may not necessarily be hypocellular or hypoplastic but fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. The term actually is all inclusive and most probably encompasses several clinical syndromes. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (29 Sep 1997) |
| Ehrlich's aniline crystal violet stain | <technique> A stain for Gram-positive bacteria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's benzaldehyde reaction | A test for urobilinogen in the urine, by dissolving 2 g of dimethyl-p-aminobenzaldehyde in 100 ml of 5% hydrochloric acid and adding this reagent to urine; a red colour in the cold indicates the presence of an excessive amount of urobilinogen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's diazo reaction | The reaction of diazotised sulfanilic acid with bilirubin to form azobilirubin, which forms the basis of quantitating the amount of bilirubin in biological fluids. See: van den Bergh's test. Synonym: Ehrlich's diazo reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's diazo reagent | Two solutions, one of sodium nitrite, the other of acidified sulfanilic acid, used in bringing about diazotization. Synonym: Ehrlich's diazo reagent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's inner body | A round oxyphil body found in the red blood cell in case of haemocytolysis due to a specific blood poison. Synonym: Heinz-Ehrlich body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's phenomenon | The difference between the amount of diphtheria toxin that will exactly neutralise one unit of antitoxin and that which, added to one unit of antitoxin, will leave one lethal dose free is greater than one lethal dose of toxin; i.e., it is necessary to add more than one lethal dose of toxin to a neutral mixture of toxin and antitoxin to make the mixture lethal (the basis of the L+ dose). (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's postulate | Ehrlich postulated that cells contained surface extensions or side chains (haptophores) that bind to the antigenic determinants of a toxin (toxophores); after a cell is stimulated, the haptophores are released into the circulation and become the antibodies. See: receptor. Synonym: Ehrlich's postulate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ehrlich's theory | Ehrlich postulated that cells contained surface extensions or side chains (haptophores) that bind to the antigenic determinants of a toxin (toxophores); after a cell is stimulated, the haptophores are released into the circulation and become the antibodies. See: receptor. Synonym: Ehrlich's postulate. (05 Mar 2000) |