| Paul Ehrlich | <person> A brilliant scientist and student, born in Silesia, Germany, who at the age of 23 published his first scientific paper which was on the discovery of the mast cells - a name coined by him (1887). While a resident in medicine at Charite Hospital in Berlin he utilised the newly discovered aniline dyes to develop some of the basic methods of histology. Among his contributions are: The preparation and staining of blood smears, he demonstrated granules in leukocytes, described the neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, myelocyte, and mononuclear cells (white blood cells), he demonstrated normoblasts, megaloblasts and microblasts of the erythrocytic (red blood cell) series. In 1887, he differentiated lymphocytic leukaemia from "bone marrow leukaemia" (myeloid) on blood smear, in 1888, he described aplastic anaemia, in 1882 the diazo reaction of typhoid urines, in 1882, less than six weeks after Koch described the Tuberculus bacillus, Ehrlich had described its acid-fastness and devised the fuchsin stain to demonstrate the pink rod on a blue background. Ehrlich fell ill with tuberculosis and went to Egypt for 3 years for rest and cure. Following his return, he entered the field of immunology. at Von Behring's request, he developed means of standardising antitoxin dosage (immunization units). at the age of 42, he became director of the "Royal Institute for Standardisation and Investigation of Antitoxic Sera." Here he devised his famous "side-chain" theory of immunisation. It has since been replaced. Paul Ehrlich reinvestigated Bordet's alexin and heat-stable substance and named them "complement" and "immune body". Ehrlich coined the terms and created a new science of chemotherapy. In 1910 he discovered Salvarsan or 606, a therapeutic antiluetic. For his silver bullet (Salvarsan) in 1908, he received the Nobel Prize. This scientist was greatly concerned over the problem of drug fastness which still remains a problem. He died August 20, 1915. Lived: 1854-1915. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| Paul, Gustav | <person> Austrian physician, 1859-1935. See: Paul's reaction, Paul's test, Paul-Bunnell test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Paul of Aegina | <person> He was the last and the most famous of all the Byzantine physicians. He remained in Alexandria after the Arabic invasions. His writings and his works particularly influenced the Arabians who studied and translated them. He studied and practiced at Alexandria and also at Rome. He wrote a medical encyclopaedia in seven books. Paul of Aegina is best known for his surgical diagnoses and techniques. He wrote extensively on bites and stings, which in general consisted of sucking the wound, cupping, and application of hot wine, onions and theriacs. For example: listen to this instructions for herniorrhaphy: One makes an incision the length of three fingers' width in the inguinal region above the (hernia) swelling. One separates the skin and the fat (from the wound) and exposes the peritoneum, and then pushes aside the intestines with the tip of a sound. The bulges of the peritoneum, which are formed on the two sides of the wound (hernia), are united with sutures, after the wound (hernia) is withdrawn. One does not cut the peritoneum or touch the testicle, but one proceeds simply to the treatment of the wound (hernia). This surgical description is not vastly different from our current described methods, and is much superior to the Arabian method of applying the glowing cautery to the inguinal region. The Medical Encyclopaedia (seven books) of Paul of Aegina has been of particular importance to us, as it presents information relative to surgical progress since the time of Celsus. Lived: 625-690. (15 Nov 1997) |
| Paul's reaction | Pus is rubbed into a scarification on a rabbit's eye; if the pus is from a variolous or vaccinal pustule a condition of epitheliosis develops in from 36 to 48 hours; the sputum of a smallpox patient is said to cause the same reaction. Synonym: Paul's test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Paul's test | Pus is rubbed into a scarification on a rabbit's eye; if the pus is from a variolous or vaccinal pustule a condition of epitheliosis develops in from 36 to 48 hours; the sputum of a smallpox patient is said to cause the same reaction. Synonym: Paul's test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Grawitz, Paul | <person> German pathologist, 1850-1932. See: Grawitz' basophilia, Grawitz' tumour. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Petit, Paul | <person> French anatomist, *1889. See: Petit's aponeurosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Romer, Paul | <person> German bacteriologist, 1876-1916. See: Romer's test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mitrofanoff, Paul | <person> French paediatric surgeon, *1934. See: Mitrofanoff principle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mobius, Paul | <person> German physician, 1853-1907. See: Mobius' sign, Mobius' syndrome, Leyden-Mobius muscular dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Moloney, Paul | <person> Canadian physician, 1870-1939. See: Moloney test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Werlhof, Paul | <person> German physician, 1699-1767. See: Werlhof's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| White, Paul Dudley | <person> U.S. Cardiologist, 1886-1973. See: Lee-White method, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Wood, Paul | <person> See: Wood units. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Muret, Paul-Louis | <person> French physician, *1878. See: Quenu-Muret sign. (05 Mar 2000) |