| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| TWBC | total white blood cells; total white blood count |
|---|---|
| ACC | accommodation; acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; acinic cell carcinoma; acute care center; adenoid cyst... |
| DAT | delayed-action tablet; dementia Alzheimer's type; dental aptitude test; diacetylthiamine; diet as to... |
| WBC, wbc | White Blood Cell (Count); 백혈구, 백혈구수 |
| WCC | Walker carcinosarcoma cells; white cell count |
| calorimetry, differential scanning | Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| semantic differential | Analysis of word concepts by the association of polar adjectives, e.g., good-bad, with the concept, father. The adjectives are usually scaled in 7 steps. The subject's placement of the concept on the adjectival scale indicates the connotative meaning of the concept. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diagnosis, differential | The determination of which two or more diseases with similar symptoms is the one from which a patient is suffering from based on an analysis of the clinical data. (27 Sep 1997) |
| differential | 1. Relating to or indicating a difference; creating a difference; discriminating; special; as, differential characteristics; differential duties; a differential rate. "For whom he produced differential favors." (Motley) 2. <mathematics> Of or pertaining to a differential, or to differentials. 3. <mechanics> Relating to differences of motion or leverage; producing effects by such differences; said of mechanism. Differential calculus. <mathematics> A portable hoisting apparatus, the same in principle as the differential windlass. A hoisting pulley to which power is applied through a differential gearing. Differential screw, a compound screw by which a motion is produced equal to the difference of the motions of the component screws. Differential thermometer, a thermometer usually with a U-shaped tube terminating in two air bulbs, and containing a coloured liquid, used for indicating the difference between the temperatures to which the two bulbs are exposed, by the change of position of the coloured fluid, in consequence of the different expansions of the air in the bulbs. A graduated scale is attached to one leg of the tube. Differential windlass, or Chinese windlass, a windlass whose barrel has two parts of different diameters. The hoisting rope winds upon one part as it unwinds from the other, and a pulley sustaining the weight to be lifted hangs in the bight of the rope. It is an ancient example of a differential motion. Origin: Cf. F. Differentiel. 1. <mathematics> An increment, usually an indefinitely small one, which is given to a variable quantity. According to the more modern writers upon the differential and integral calculus, if two or more quantities are dependent on each other, and subject to increments of value, their differentials need not be small, but are any quantities whose ratios to each other are the limits to which the ratios of the increments approximate, as these increments are reduced nearer and nearer to zero. 2. A small difference in rates which competing railroad lines, in establishing a common tariff, allow one of their number to make, in order to get a fair share of the business. The lower rate is called a differential rate. Differentials are also sometimes granted to cities. 3. <physics> One of two coils of conducting wire so related to one another or to a magnet or armature common to both, that one coil produces polar action contrary to that of the other. A form of conductor used for dividing and distributing the current to a series of electric lamps so as to maintain equal action in all. <mathematics> Partial differential, the differential of a function of two or more variables, when each of the variables receives an increment. The total differential of the function is the sum of all the partial differentials. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| differential adhesion | The differential adhesion hypothesis was advanced by Steinberg to explain the mechanism by which heterotypic cells in mixed aggregates sort out into isotypic territories. Quantitative differences in homo and hetero typic adhesion are supposed to be sufficient to account for the phenomenon without the need to postulate cell type specific adhesion systems: fairly generally accepted, although some tissue specific cell adhesion molecules are now known to exist. (18 Nov 1997) |
| differential blood pressure | The arterial blood pressure at corresponding points on the two sides of the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential centrifugation | A technique for separating organellesor other differently-sized cellcomponents in a centrifuge, particles of the same size and weight willsettle out into common layers. (09 Oct 1997) |
| differential diagnosis | The determination of which two or more diseases with similar symptoms is the one from which a patient is suffering from based on an analysis of the clinical data. (27 Sep 1997) |
| differential display PCR | Method of image formation in the light microscope based on the method proposed by Nomarski (though strictly speaking all forms of optical microscopy rely to a greater or lesser extent on differential interference). The light beam is split by a Wollaston prism in the condenser, to form slightly divergent beams polarized at right angles. One passes through the specimen (and is retarded if the refractive index is greater) and one through the background nearby: the two are recombined in a second Wollaston prism in the objective and interfere to form an image. The image is spuriously three dimensional the nucleus, for example: appears to stand out above the cell (or be hollowed out) because it has a higher refractive index than the cytoplasm. The Nomarski system has the advantage that there is no phase halo, but the contrast is low and image formation with crowded cells is poor because the background does not differ from the specimen. (18 Nov 1997) |
| differential equation | <epidemiology> The mathematical formulation corresponding to a continuous model; an equation involving derivatives. (05 Dec 1998) |
| differential gene expression | Gene expression that responds to signals or triggers; a means of gene regulation; e.g., effects of certain hormones on protein biosynthesis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential growth | Different rates of growth in associated tissues or structures; used especially in embryology when the differences in growth rates result in changing the original proportions or relations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential interference contrast | <technique> A mode of contrast generation in microscopy that yields an image with a shadow relief. The relief reflects the gradient of optical path difference. Differential Interference Contrast, which is a form of interferenc microscopy that uses polarizing beam splitters, can be of the Smith or Nomarski type. Acronym: DIC (05 Aug 1998) |
| differential manometer | Any device that indicates the difference in pressure between two fluids, regardless of any changes in their absolute pressures. Mercurial manometer, an manometer in which the varying pressures are shown by differences of elevation in a column of mercury. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential medium | A medium which is used to differentiate different types of microorganisms based on their different colours or colony shapes. Examples of differential media are: Macconkey's agar and SS agar. (09 Oct 1997) |