| 영문 | acetylsalicylic acid | 한글 | 아세틸살리실산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 상품명이 아스피린(asprin)인 약. 대표적인 비스테로이드 항염약이다. 즉 항염증(anti-inflammatory), 진통(analgesis), 해열(anti-pyretic)의 효과가 모두 뛰어나지만 위장장애, 과다호흡, 라이증후군(Reye syndrome) 등의 부작용이 있다. |
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| 영문 | uric acid | 한글 | 요산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 결정성의 산. 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine. 화학식은 C5H4N4O3로 사람과 동물의 오줌에서 얻을 수 있다. 핵의 대사산물의 하나. 물, 알콜, 에테르(ether)에는 거의 녹지 않으나 알칼리염의 용액에는 녹는다. 이것의 나트륨염 형태(sodium urate)가 결석의 대부분을 차지한다. 급성백혈병 치료 초기단계와 통풍(Gout)에서 혈중요산이 급격히 오를 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast bacillus | 한글 | 항산막대균, 항산균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 아닐린 색소에 염색되기 힘드나 일단 염색되면 강산으로 처리하여도 탈색되지 아니하는 세균을 통틀어 이르는 말. 결해균, 나병균 따위가 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast staining | 한글 | 항산염색 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 항산성성질(좀처럼 염색이 되지 않으나 한번 염색이 되면 산성용액에 의해서 탈색이 되지 않는 성질)을 가진 균(예를 들면 결핵균 등)의 검출에 이용되는 염색방법. 방법에는 Ziehl-Neelson법과 Kinyoun법 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | nucleic acid | 한글 | 핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 염기, 당, 인산으로 이루어진 뉴클레오티드가 긴 사슬 모양으로 중합된 고분자 물질. 유전이나 단백질 합성을 지배하는 중요한 물질로, 생물의 증식을 비롯한 생명 활동 유지에 중요한 작용을 한다. 구성 당인 오탄당이 리보오스인 리보핵산과 디옥시리보오스인 디옥시리보 핵산으로 나뉜다. 펜토스로서 리보스나 데옥시리보스 어느 한쪽만을 포함하며 전자를 리보핵산(RNA), 후자를 데옥시리보핵산(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이라 부른다. 모두 4종류의 유기염기에 의해 특징지어지며 아데닌, 구아닌 및 시토신은 양자에 공통이다. 티민은 DNA에, 우라실은 RNA에 포함된다. DNA는 주로 핵에 존재하며 형질유전에 그리고 RNA는 세포질속에서 단백질 합성에 관여한다. 섭취된 핵산은 소화관에서 구성분자로까지 가수분해되어 흡수된다. |
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| PA | panic attack; pantothenic acid; paralysis agitans; paranoia; passive aggressive; pathology; patient'... |
|---|---|
| D-5-HS | 5% dextrose in Harman's solution |
| D/LR | dextrose in lactated Ringer solution |
| D5LR | dextrose in 5% lactated Ringer solution |
| D/NS | dextrose in normal saline [solution] |
| glucose-1-fructose-2-oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Catalyses intermolecular oxidation-reduction of glucose and fructose to form gluconolactone and sorbitol; contains tightly bound nadp as h+ carrier; does not require added cofactor Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
|---|---|
| glucose-fructose oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Isolated from zymomonas mobilis; catalyses the formation of sorbitol and glucono-delta-lactone from glucose and fructose; enzyme contains tightly bound nadp+ Registry number: EC 1.1.99.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase (isomerizing) | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of fructose-6-phosphate plus glutamine from glutamate plus glucosamine-6-phosphate. Chemical name: L-Glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (hexose-isomerizing) Registry number: EC 2.6.1.16 (12 Dec 1998) |
| hereditary fructose intolerance | A metabolic error due to deficiency of hepatic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase B (which also acts on fructose 1-phosphate); the second enzyme in the specific fructose pathway; vomiting and hypoglycaemia follow ingestion of fructose; prolonged fructose ingestion in young children results in failure to thrive and in jaundice, hepatomegaly, albuminuria, aminoaciduria, and sometimes cachexia and death; autosomal recessive inheritance in most families. (05 Mar 2000) |
| D-fructose 5-dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Catalyses the oxidation of fructose with any acceptor to 5-ketofructose and reduced acceptor Registry number: EC 1.1.99.11 (26 Jun 1999) |
| ferric fructose | A potassium-iron-fructose; a haematinic drug. (05 Mar 2000) |
| 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase-fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase | <chemical> Hepatic bifunctional enzyme that both degrades and synthesises fructose-2,6-bisphosphate Synonym: 6pf-2-k-fru-2,6-p(2)ase, hepatic 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, hepatic fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, pfk-2 (liver), pbpase-2 (liver) (26 Jun 1999) |
| fructose | <biochemistry> A 6 carbon sugar (hexose) abundant in plants. Fructose has its reducing group (carbonyl) at C2 and thus is a ketose, in contrast to glucose that has its carbonyl at C1 and thus an aldose. Sucrose, common table sugar, is the nonreducing disaccharide formed by an alpha linkage from C1 of glucose to C2 of fructose (latter in furanose form). Fructose is a component of polysaccharides such as inulin, levan. (18 Nov 1997) |
| fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | <biochemistry> This key intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (a hexose diphosphate) was discovered by Arthur Harden and William Young in 1905. In the third step of glycolysis, fructose 6-phosphate and ATP are converted to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP with the aid of phosphofructokinase. In step 4, fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (with the aid of aldolase) is cleaved into duhydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Synonym: hexosebisphosphatase, hexosediphosphatase. (08 Mar 2000) |
| fructose-1,6-diphosphatase deficiency | An autosomal recessive fructose metabolism disorder due to absent or deficient fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity. Gluconeogenesis is impaired, resulting in accumulation of gluconeogenic precursors (e.g., amino acids, lactate, ketones) and manifested as hypoglycaemia, ketosis, and lactic acidosis. Episodes in the newborn infant are often lethal. Later episodes are often brought on by fasting and febrile infections. As patients age through early childhood, tolerance to fasting improves and development becomes normal. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fructose-1,6-diphosphate reductase | <enzyme> From bovine lens; reduces fructose-1,6-diphosphate to sorbitol-1,6-diphosphate in presence of NADH; 3 isoenzymes which copurify with lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- Synonym: fdp reductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| fructose 1-phosphate | A fructose derivative that accumulates in individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fructose 2,6-bisphosphate | An analog of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate that plays a key role in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; activates phosphofructokinase and inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase | <enzyme> Copurifies with 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase; probably is a single protein with both activities; do not confuse with EC 3.1.3.54, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphatase Registry number: EC 3.1.3.46 Synonym: fructose-2,6-diphosphatase, fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase, fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (26 Jun 1999) |
| fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 6-phosphatase | <enzyme> Do not confuse with fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.46) Registry number: EC 3.1.3.54 Synonym: fdp 6-phosphatase, fru(2,6)p2 6-phosphatase (26 Jun 1999) |