| 영문 | brain tumor | 한글 | 뇌종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌종양이란 뇌와 뇌조직에서 생긴 종양을 지칭하는 말이다. 그러나 대개 넓은 의미로 사용할 경우에는 머리뼈속의 공간인 두개강속에 생기는 모든 종양을 이르는 말로 사용된다. 뇌종양은 한정된 공간인 두개강에서 발생하므로 종양이 그다지 크지 않아도 정상적인 조직을 압박하게 되고, 두개강내의 압력을 높인다. 이런 특징에 의해서 뇌종양의 증상은 다른 종양과 달리, 종양 그 자체의 증상보다도 두개내압상승과 정상조직의 압박에 의한 증상이 많다. 두개내압(뇌압)의 상승에 의한 증상으로는 두통, 구토등이 있으며, 지속적인 뇌압상승에 의해서 유두부종(papilledema)이 관찰되기도 한다. 그리고 정상적인 뇌조직의 압박과 종양이 생긴 부위의 기능의 결합에 뇌의 그 부분에 해당하는 기능의 상실을 보게된다. |
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| 영문 | brain stem | 한글 | 뇌줄기 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌줄기이란 대뇌와 척수를 이어주는 다리 역할을 하는 뇌의 부분으로 이곳에는 중간뇌, 다리뇌, 숨뇌의 3개의 부분이 포함된다. 이곳은 대뇌에서 나가는 운동신경과 대뇌로 들어오는 감각신경의 중요한 통로가 있는 곳이며, 동시에 대부분의 뇌신경(척수를 거치지 않고 나가는 신경, 즉 뇌에서 직접 나오고 들어오는 신경을 이르는 말)의 중요한 요지이다. |
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| 영문 | blood-brain barrier(BBB) | 한글 | 혈뇌장벽 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌와 척수에는 혈류로부터 어떤 물질이 유입되는 것을 막는 장벽이다. 이것은 뇌와 척수에 존재하는 모세혈관의 투과성이 비교적 다른 모세혈관의 투과성보다 떨어지기 때문이다. |
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| 영문 | blood-brain barrier | 한글 | 혈액뇌장벽 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액으로부터 뇌로는 지질용해성이 높은 약물밖에 이행되지 않는다. 수용성의 약물을 뇌로 이행되지 않게 하고 있는 것이 혈액뇌장벽이며 뇌의 모세혈관 내피세포, 모세혈관 주위의 세포가 장벽이 되고 있다. 물질교환은 수동확산에 의해 이루어지지만, 뇌의 생리적 활동에 필요한 물질은 이온형이라도 담체를 통해 이행된다. |
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| PFT | 1) Platelet Function Test 2) Pulmonary Function Test |
|---|---|
| LFA | left femoral artery; left frontal craniotomy; left fronto-anterior [fetal position]; leukocyte funct... |
| LFT | latex fixation test; latex flocculation test; left fronto-transverse [fetal position]; liver functio... |
| PFT | pancreatic function test; parafascicular thalamotomy; posterior fossa tumor; prednisone, fluorouraci... |
| SFI | Sexual Function Index; Social Function Index |
| intracardiac electrophysiology studies | <cardiology, investigation> A special study that involves the placement of electrodes inside the heart to map the electrical characteristics of the heart. This study is carried out in a specially equipped lab and is similar to a cardiac catheterisation procedure. Electrodes are placed inside the heart via a catheter placed into a vein. The electrodes are positioned near the heart's conduction system and an electrical map of the heart can be determined. This test is often performed in those where a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia is a problem. The location and characteristics of an arrhythmia can be determined, thus guiding medical management of the problem. Patients with Wolf Parkinson White syndrome or sick sinus syndrome may have this test as part of their evaluation. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| organizational case studies | Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations. (12 Dec 1998) |
| time and motion studies | The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task. (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrophysiological studies | <investigation> A special study that involves the placement of electrodes inside the heart to map the electrical characteristics of the heart. This study is carried out in a specially equipped lab and is similar to a cardiac catheterisation procedure. Electrodes are placed inside the heart via a catheter placed into a vein. The electrodes are positioned near the heart's conduction system and an electrical map of the heart can be determined. This test is often performed in those where a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia is a problem. The location and characteristics of an arrhythmia can be determined, thus guiding medical management of the problem. Patients with Wolf Parkinson White syndrome or sick sinus syndrome may have this test as part of their evaluation. Acronym: EPS (14 Mar 2000) |
| epidemiologic studies | Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesised causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| evaluation studies | Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, clinical trials, drug evaluation, and drug screening are available. (12 Dec 1998) |
| twin studies | Methods of detecting genetic aetiology in human traits. The basic premise of twin studies is that monozygotic twins, being formed by the division of a single fertilised ovum, carry identical genes, while dizygotic twins, being formed by the fertilization of two ova by two different spermatozoa, are genetically no more similar than two siblings born after separate pregnancies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| feasibility studies | Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project. (12 Dec 1998) |
| follow-up studies | Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| longitudinal studies | Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time. (12 Dec 1998) |
| action current | An electrical current induced in muscle fibres when they are effectively stimulated; normally it is followed by contraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alternating current | Electrical current which alternates direction periodically. (For instance, household electric current is AC alternating at 60 oscillations/sec (60 Hertz) in the United States, and 50 Hertz in many other countries.) Acronym: AC (09 Oct 1997) |
| anodal current | A current produced in tissues under the anode when the circuit is closed. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ascending current | The direction of current flow in a nerve when the anode is placed peripheral to the cathode, in contrast to descending current; the convention used is that current flows from positive to negative. Synonym: centripetal current. (05 Mar 2000) |
| axial current | The central rapidly moving portion of the bloodstream in an artery. (05 Mar 2000) |