| 영문 | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 한글 | 만성폐쇄폐병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 만성적으로 기도의 폐쇄를 가져오는 병을 이르는 말. 대개 만성기관지염, 기관지 천식, 폐기종의 3가지 병을 말한다. 만성기관지염이란 기관지의 만성염증을 말한다. 기관지의 염증으로 인해서 기관지의 점막에 부종이 생기고 이로 인해서 기관지의 내경이 좁아져서 기도의 폐쇄를 가져온다. 대개 흡연과 밀접한 연관을 가지며, 호흡곤란, 기침, 그리고 가래(대개 색이 푸르고 점도가 높은 가래)가 증상으로 나타난다. 폐기종은 기관지의 벽을 지지하는 조직의 파괴에 의해서 기관지가 제 모양을 갖추지 못하고 무너지게 되어 기도의 폐쇄가 일어나는 병이다. 즉 기관지가 관 모양으로 팽팽하게 펴지는 것을 지지하는 조직의 파괴에 의해서 관모양으로 펴지지 못해 결국은 폐포내에 공기가 차고 폐포벽이 파열되고 기관지가 좁아지게 되는 병을 말한다. 기관지천식이란 여러 가지 자극에 대해서 기관지가 과민한 반응을 보여서 생기는 기관지의 가역적인 폐쇄를 의미한다. 즉 정상인에게서는 기관지의 폐쇄를 보이지 않는 자극에 대해서 기관지의 폐쇄가 생기고 그 자극이 없을 경우에는 기관지의 폐쇄가 없어지는 병을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | chronic active hepatitis | 한글 | 만성활동간염 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | B형 간염이나 비A형－비B형 간염의 속발증으로 나타나는 간의 만성염증이다. 같은 형태의 병이 선천성 또는 후천감마글로불린결핍증이나 어떤 종류의 약물 투여에 수반해서 나타날 수도 있다. 특징적으로 문맥부에 형질세포와 큰포식세포의 침윤, 조각괴사(간소엽 주변부 간세포의 파괴) 및 섬유증 등의 조직소견을 나타낸다. 병의 경과는 매우 다양하며 장기간의 무증상기를 보일 수도 있고 그 사이 사이에 황달, 전신쇠약, 식욕부진 및 발열 등의 증상이 나타나는 수가 있으며, 또 무월경증, 관절염, 피부발진, 혈관염, 갑상샘염, 콩팥사구체염, 궤양성대장염, 쉐그렌증후군 등 간 이외의 증상이 나타나는 수도 있고, 간경화증과 간기능상실로 진행되는 수도 있다. 자가면역메커니즘이 관여되는 것으로 추측되고 있다. |
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| DRIP | delirium and drugs-restricted mobility and retention-infection, inflammation and impaction-polyuria ... |
|---|---|
| HEMRI | hereditary multifocal relapsing inflammation |
| ICT | icteric, icterus; indirect Coombs test; inflammation of connective tissue; insulin coma therapy; int... |
| Inflamm | inflammation, inflammatory |
| NAI | net acid input; no accidental injury; no acute inflammation; nonadherence index |
| purulent inflammation | An acute exudative inflammation in which the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is sufficiently great that their enzymes cause liquefaction of the affected tissues, focally or diffusely; the purulent exudate is frequently termed pus, and consists of plasma and its constituents, end products of the enzymatic digestion of tissue, degenerated and necrotic cells and their debris, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white blood cells, the causal agent of the inflammation, etc. Synonym: suppurative inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| serofibrinous inflammation | Inflammation in which the exudate consists chiefly of serous fluid with an unusually large proportion of fibrin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| serous inflammation | An exudative inflammation in which the exudate is predominantly fluid (e.g., exuded from the blood vessels), with the protein, electrolytes, and other material contained therein; relatively few (if any) cells are observed. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hyperplastic inflammation | An inflammatory reaction in which the distinguishing feature is an actual increase in the number of tissue cells, especially the reticuloendothelial macrophages, in contrast to cells exuded from blood vessels; in addition, exudates of various types are likely to be observed in granulomas and other forms of proliferative inflammation, but the latter may occur without an exudate being formed (as in certain infections caused by virus). Synonym: hyperplastic inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| necrotic inflammation | Usually an acute inflammatory reaction in which the predominant histologic change is fairly rapid necrosis that occurs diffusely or extensively in relatively large foci throughout the affected tissue, frequently with only little or no evidence of cells in the exudate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| subacute inflammation | An inflammation that is intermediate in duration between that of an acute inflammation and that of a chronic inflammation, usually persisting longer than 3 or 4 weeks. (05 Mar 2000) |
| suppurative inflammation | An acute exudative inflammation in which the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is sufficiently great that their enzymes cause liquefaction of the affected tissues, focally or diffusely; the purulent exudate is frequently termed pus, and consists of plasma and its constituents, end products of the enzymatic digestion of tissue, degenerated and necrotic cells and their debris, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and other white blood cells, the causal agent of the inflammation, etc. Synonym: suppurative inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| degenerative inflammation | A local reaction to injury, occasionally observed in the walls of blood vessels and in parenchymal cells of various organs in reacting to certain chemicals, viruses, and other intracellular agents; the response is characterised by degenerative changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus, frequently resulting in necrosis, but exudation (if any) is ordinarily observed only in the wall of the affected vessel, or in the interstices immediately adjacent to the affected vessel or parenchymal cells. Synonym: degenerative inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| immune inflammation | See: allergic reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inflammation | <pathology> A localised protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues, which serves to destroy, dilute or wall off (sequester) both the injurious agent and the injured tissue. It is characterised in the acute form by the classical signs of pain (dolor), heat (calor), redness (rubor), swelling (tumour) and loss of function (functio laesa). Histologically, it involves a complex series of events, including dilatation of arterioles, capillaries and venules, with increased permeability and blood flow, exudation of fluids, including plasma proteins and leucocytic migration into the inflammatory focus. Origin: L. Inflammatio, inflammare = to set on fire (11 Jun 1998) |
| inflammation: gallium imaging | <radiology> Pathophysiology: leakage of protein-bound Ga-67 into extracellular space secondary to increased capillary permeability, Ga-67 is preferentially bound to nonviable PMNs and macrophages, leukocyte incorporation (rich in lactoferrin), bacterial uptake (siderophores), inflammtory tissue stimulates lactoferrin production for chronic abdominal inflammation: 67% sensitivity; 64% specificity; 13% false negatives; 5% false positive, dose: 5 mCi; imaging: 24, 48, 72 hours, diffuse uptake in peritonitis, localised uptake in acute pyogenic abscess, phlegmon, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute gastritis, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, surgical wound, pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess see: gallium indications, gallium vs. Indium (12 Dec 1998) |
| inflammation mediators | The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (autacoids) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (prostaglandins, synthetic). (12 Dec 1998) |
| interstitial inflammation | Inflammation in which the inflammatory reaction occurs chiefly in the supportive fibrous connective tissue or stroma of an organ. (05 Mar 2000) |
| exudative inflammation | Inflammation in which the conspicuous or distinguishing feature is an exudate, which may be chiefly serous, serofibrinous, fibrinous, or mucous (e.g., relatively few cells are present), or may be characterised by relatively large numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, or plasma cells, frequently with one or two types being predominant; it occurs not only as a separate and distinct pathologic process, but also frequently as a part of certain granulomatous inflammation's. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fibrinopurulent inflammation | A purulent inflammation in which the exudate contains an unusually large amount of fibrin; also, a fibrinous or serofibrinous inflammation in which the accumulation of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes results in liquefactive necrosis of tissue and the formation of pus with a relatively large quantity of fibrin. (05 Mar 2000) |