| 영문 | mast cell | 한글 | 비만 세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 동물의 결합 조직 가운데 널리 분포하는 세포. 결합조직과 점막조직 내에 있는 호염기성 색소로 이염색성(metachromasia)을 나타내는 과립을 가진 방추형의 세포에 작은 둥근 핵을 가진다. 비만세포의 표면에는 IgE에 대한 수용체가 존재하며, 수용체에 결합한 IgE 분자들끼리 다가의 항원에 의해 서로 연결되면 비만세포 과립탈출 반응이 일어나, 히스타민, 세로토닌, 헤파린 등의 화학전달 물질이 방출되어, 즉시형 알레르기 반응 등의 증상을 일으킨다. 피부, 장막, 혈관 주위, 점막 주변에 있다. |
||
| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
||
| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
||
| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
||
| ACC | accommodation; acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; acinic cell carcinoma; acute care center; adenoid cyst... |
|---|---|
| PFT | 1) Platelet Function Test 2) Pulmonary Function Test |
| LFA | left femoral artery; left frontal craniotomy; left fronto-anterior [fetal position]; leukocyte funct... |
| LFT | latex fixation test; latex flocculation test; left fronto-transverse [fetal position]; liver functio... |
| SFI | Sexual Function Index; Social Function Index |
| Holliday structure | <molecular biology> A structure which occurs during homologous recombination between homologous chromosomes. While the two chromosomes are side by side, one strand of DNA on each chromosome is broken and then attached to the broken strand of DNA on the other chromosome. The crossover point, which is called the Holliday junction, is able to slide up and down between the two chromosomes, so that a little or a lot of DNA can ultimately be switched between them. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| soil structure | The combination or arrangement of primary soil particles into secondary particles, units or peds. (09 Oct 1997) |
| structure | <microscopy> The mode of construction of an animate or inanimate body or system from units such as atoms, ions, molecules, cells, crystals in a fluid, plastic, or solid state. Cf. Morphology. (05 Aug 1998) |
| structure activity analysis | Study in which systematic variation in the structure of a compound is correlated with its activity, in an attempt to determine the characteristics of the (receptor) site at which it acts. (18 Nov 1997) |
| structure-activity relationship | The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups. Other factors contributing to structure-activity relationship include chemical reactivity, electronic effects, resonance, and inductive effects. (12 Dec 1998) |
| structure-functionalism | The scientific tradition that stresses the relationship between aphysical structure and its function, for example: the related disciplinesof anatomy and physiology. (09 Oct 1997) |
| structure proteins | Proteins whose role is for structure and support in tissue and within the cell; e.g., the collagens. (05 Mar 2000) |
| quarternary structure | The three-dimensional structure of a complex protein, this especially refers to the way the subunits fit together. (09 Oct 1997) |
| quaternary structure | The three-dimensional structure of a complex protein, this especially refers to the way the polypeptide subunits fit together. (09 Oct 1997) |
| tertiary structure | <biochemistry, chemistry> The third level of structural organisation in a macromolecule. The primary structure of a protein (for example) is the amino acid sequence, the secondary structure is the folding of the peptide chain (alpha helical or beta pleated), the tertiary structure is the way in which the helices or sheets are folded or arranged to give the three dimensional structure of the protein. Quaternary structure refers to the arrangement of protomers in a multimeric protein. (13 Jan 1998) |
| ecosystem structure | The physical and spatial aspects of an ecosystem that are contributed by the biotic composition. Biotic composition is generally determined by the collective physiognomy of the dominant plants, including life forms, vertical stratification, and size. (09 Oct 1997) |
| tuboreticular structure | Tubules 20-30 nm in length that lie within cisterns of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; observed in connective tissue diseases such as SLE, and in various cancers and virus infections. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fine structure | <pathology> General term to describe the level of organisation that is below the level of resolution of the light microscope. In practice, a shorthand term for structure observed using the electron microscope, although other techniques could give information about structure in the sub micrometre range. (18 Nov 1997) |
| fine structure mapping | A technique of DNA mapping which makes use of extremely rare recombination events where the crossing over occurs between two genes or two alleles of a gene that are only a few nucleotides apart. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acquired platelet function defect | <haematology> Platelet function can be affected by a number of different disease processes including polycythaemia vera, leukaemia, myelofibrosis, renal failure, multiple myeloma and some medications (for example penicillins, salicylates, phenothiazines). Disturbed blood clotting can be manifested by: easy bruising, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, abnormal vaginal bleeding, rectal bleeding, skin rash, vomiting blood, coughing up blood or blood in the urine. A measure of bleeding time and coagulation profile will be part of the evaluation. (29 Dec 1997) |