| 영문 | advanced cancer | 한글 | 진행암 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 조기암에 대한 말로 암의 경과가 진행된 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | lung cancer | 한글 | 폐암 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 허파에 생기는 악성종양이다. 가장 예후가 나쁜 종양중의 하나로써 조기발견이 어렵고 증세 또한 늦게 나타나서, 그 종양의 종류에 따라 다르나 치료후에도 대개 8%만이 5년 생존이 가능한 악성종양이다. 유발인자로는 대표적으로 담배가 알려져 있으며, 유전적인 요소도 어느 정도 기여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. |
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| 영문 | cancer chemotherapy | 한글 | 항암화학요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 화학적 물질을 이용하여 암을 치료하는 것을 말한다. 이때 사용되는 물질을 항암제라고 한다. 이상적인 항암제는 정상적인 세포에는 이상이 없고 단지 암세포에만 치명적인 효과를 나타내어야 한다. 이렇게 하려면 암세포만의 특이한 특성을 이해하고 그곳에만 작용하는 약물을 개발하여야 한다. 최근 대부분의 항암제는 암세포가 정상 세포에 비하여 월등히 증식을 빨리한다는 특성을 이용하고 있다. 증식이 빠르다는 것은 유전정보를 가지고 있는 DNA의 복제가 빠르다는 것을 의미한다. 만약 DNA의 복제를 방해한다면 증식이 아주 빠른 암세포에게는 치명적이지만 영원히 증식을 하지 않는(DNA의 복제가 거의 필요없는)신경세포나 증식이 암세포에 비해서 아주 느린 정상세포에서는 거의 영향을 주지 못한다. 하지만 신체에서도 정상적으로 증식이 암세포와 비슷한 수준으로 일어나는 세포가 있는데 그것은 머리카락을 만드는 모낭세포와 소화관의 점막을 이루는 세포와 혈액의 세포를 만드는 골수 세포이다. 그러므로 항암제를 사용할 경우 이런 세포가 암세포와 마찬가지로 치명적인 영향을 입을 것은 당연하다(그래서 항암제 치료시엔 머리가 빠지고 소화불량이 잘온다). |
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| ERA | electrical response activity; electroencephalic response audiometry; Electroshock Research Associati... |
|---|---|
| RR | radiation reaction; radiation response; rate ratio; rational recovery [group]; recovery room; relati... |
| CEA | Carcino-Embryonic Antigen [HP 1825-6] ; Oncofetal Antigens ; Glycopro... |
| CC | calcaneal-cuboid; calcium cyclamate; cardiac catheterization; cardiac contusion; cardiac cycle; card... |
| ICR | [distance between] iliac crests; Institute for Cancer Research; Institute for Cancer Research [mouse... |
| response rate | <oncology> The percentage of patients showing partial or complete response to the given treatment. (16 Dec 1997) |
|---|---|
| graft-versus-host response | <haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunological competence, an incompatibility reaction can result. This is due to antibodies from the donor against antigens in the host. This is due to mismatch of MHC Class I antigens and can produce lymphocyte clones that will react by a variety of processes against the host and cause damage. The clinical condition can be fatal and is due to the donor's immune cells recognising the host cells as foreign. The clinical entity characterised by anorexia, diarrhoea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the graft-versus-host reaction. It can occur in either chronic or acute forms and is treatable by immunosuppressive drugs. Seen most commonly following bone marrow transplantation, acute disease is seen after 5-40 days and chronic disease weeks to months after transplantation, affecting, principally, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Radiological appearances of the gastrointestinal tract include; thickened wall, mucosal folds thickened or effaced, increased secretions most likely to be rapid transit of GI tract, mass most likely to be focal oedema, fibrosis, hallmark: diffuse, uniform thickening of small bowel. Synonym: GVH disease. Acronym: GVHD (20 Sep 2002) |
| complete response | <oncology> The disappearance of all clinical evidence of disease. Unfortunately, this does not necessarily mean cure, as microscopic metastases may remain undetected, are likely to regrow and become resistant to treatment. May also be used in relation to a pathological specimen, where no residual abnormality can be detected in the specimen, in which cas it is referred to as a pathological complete reponse. Acronym: CR (16 Mar 1998) |
| concentration-response curve | <pharmacology> This is a graph produced to show the relation between the exposure concentration of a drug (or other chemical) and the degree of response it produces, as measured by the percentage of the exposed population showing a defined, often quantal, effect. (05 Jan 1998) |
| conditioned response | A response already in an individual's repertoire but which, through repeated pairings with its natural stimulus, has been acquired or conditioned anew to a previously neutral or conditioned stimulus. See: conditioning. Compare: unconditioned response. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Cushing response | A rise in systemic blood pressure when the intracranial pressure acutely increases, usually in excess of 50% of the systolic arterial pressure. Synonym: Cushing effect, Cushing response. (05 Mar 2000) |
| primary antibody response | <immunology> Antibodies made upon first exposure to an antigen, mostly of the class IgM. (05 Mar 1998) |
| primary immune response | <immunology> The immune response to the first challenge by a particular antigen. Usually less extensive than the secondary immune response, being slower and shorter lived with smaller amounts of lower affinity antibody being produced. (18 Nov 1997) |
| heat-shock response | <cell biology> A constellation of responses that occur when an organism is exposed to excessive heat and other environmental stresses. Responses include synthesis of some proteins, repression of other proteins, and expression of new proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| heat-shock response element | <cell biology, protein> The nucleotide sequence, CNNGAANNTCCNG, which is in the promoter region of the heat-shock genes. When the animal is exposed to certain types of stress such as a sudden rise in temperature, the first thing that happens to activate these genes is the binding of the HSE by a transcriptional enhancer protein. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Henry-Gauer response | Inhibition of antidiuretic hormone secretion due to a rise in atrial pressure which stimulates atrial stretch receptors. (05 Mar 2000) |
| satiety response | Behavioural response associated with the achieving of gratification. (12 Dec 1998) |
| psychogalvanic response | A change in electrical resistance of the skin, occurring in emotion and in certain other conditions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| secondary antibody response | An antibody made upon second (subsequent) exposure to an antigen, mostly of the class IgG. (09 Oct 1997) |
| secondary immune response | The response of the immune system to the second or subsequent occasion on which it encounters a specific antigen. (18 Nov 1997) |