| 영문 | advanced cancer | 한글 | 진행암 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 조기암에 대한 말로 암의 경과가 진행된 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | lung cancer | 한글 | 폐암 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 허파에 생기는 악성종양이다. 가장 예후가 나쁜 종양중의 하나로써 조기발견이 어렵고 증세 또한 늦게 나타나서, 그 종양의 종류에 따라 다르나 치료후에도 대개 8%만이 5년 생존이 가능한 악성종양이다. 유발인자로는 대표적으로 담배가 알려져 있으며, 유전적인 요소도 어느 정도 기여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. |
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| 영문 | cancer chemotherapy | 한글 | 항암화학요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 화학적 물질을 이용하여 암을 치료하는 것을 말한다. 이때 사용되는 물질을 항암제라고 한다. 이상적인 항암제는 정상적인 세포에는 이상이 없고 단지 암세포에만 치명적인 효과를 나타내어야 한다. 이렇게 하려면 암세포만의 특이한 특성을 이해하고 그곳에만 작용하는 약물을 개발하여야 한다. 최근 대부분의 항암제는 암세포가 정상 세포에 비하여 월등히 증식을 빨리한다는 특성을 이용하고 있다. 증식이 빠르다는 것은 유전정보를 가지고 있는 DNA의 복제가 빠르다는 것을 의미한다. 만약 DNA의 복제를 방해한다면 증식이 아주 빠른 암세포에게는 치명적이지만 영원히 증식을 하지 않는(DNA의 복제가 거의 필요없는)신경세포나 증식이 암세포에 비해서 아주 느린 정상세포에서는 거의 영향을 주지 못한다. 하지만 신체에서도 정상적으로 증식이 암세포와 비슷한 수준으로 일어나는 세포가 있는데 그것은 머리카락을 만드는 모낭세포와 소화관의 점막을 이루는 세포와 혈액의 세포를 만드는 골수 세포이다. 그러므로 항암제를 사용할 경우 이런 세포가 암세포와 마찬가지로 치명적인 영향을 입을 것은 당연하다(그래서 항암제 치료시엔 머리가 빠지고 소화불량이 잘온다). |
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| breast cancer susceptibility genes | Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified (and prominently publicised). Several other genes (those for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden disease, Muir-Torre syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia) are also known to predispose to breast cancer. However, since all of these known breast cancer susceptibility genes together do not account for more than a minor fraction (1/5th at most) of breast cancer that clusters in families, it is clear that more breast cancer genes remain to be discovered. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| buyo cheek cancer | betel cancer |
| cancer | <oncology> The first historical description of this condition was in relation to breast carcinoma. This is now a general term for more than 100 diseases that are characterised by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells can spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cancer antigen 125 test | Test for cell-surface antigen found on derivatives of coelomic epithelium. Elevated levels of this antigen are associated with ovarian malignancy and benign pelvic disease such as endometriosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cancer, bladder | Cancer of the organ responsible for temporarily holding urine after it leaves the kidneys. The most common warning sign of cancer in the bladder (the hollow organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine) is blood in the urine. The diagnosis of bladder cancer is supported by findings of the medical history and examination, blood, urine, and X-ray tests, and confirmed with a biopsy (usually during a cystoscope exam). (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer bodies | Discrete, acidophilic or amphophilic, hyaline body's of various shapes and sizes, occurring in the cytoplasm of some of the neoplastic cells and also extracellularly in the stroma of various carcinomas and sarcomas; formerly regarded by some observers as parasitic causal agents, but now thought to be products of cell necrosis (apoptosis). (05 Mar 2000) |
| cancer, bone | Cancer of the skeleton. Cancers that begin in bone are rare but it is not unusual for cancers to spread (metastasize) to bone from other parts of the body. This is not called bone cancer, but is named for the organ or tissue in which the cancer begins. Pain is the most frequent symptom of cancer of the bone. Diagnosis of cancer of the bone is supported by findings of the medical history and examination, blood and X-ray tests and confirmed with a biopsy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, brain | Cancer of the central information processing centre of the body. Tumours in the brain can be malignant or benign and can occur at any age. Primary brain tumours initially form in the brain tissue. Secondary brain tumours are cancers that have spread to the brain tissue (metastasized) from elsewhere in the body. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, breast | Cancer of the tissue containing or involving the milk glands (mammary tissue). Breast cancer is diagnosed with self- and physician- examination of the breasts, mammography, ultrasound testing, and biopsy. There are many types of breast cancer that differ in their capability of spreading to other body tissues (metastasis). Treatment of breast cancer depends on the type and location of the breast cancer, as well as the age and health of the patient. The American Cancer Society recommends that a woman should have a baseline mammogram between the ages of 35 and 40 years. Between 40 and 50 years of age mammograms are recommended every other year. After age 50 years, yearly mammograms are recommended. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, breast, familial | A number of factors have been identified that increase the risk of breast cancer. One of the strongest of these risk factors is the history of breast cancer in a relative. About 15-20% of women with breast cancer have such a family history of the disease, clearly reflecting the participation of inherited (genetic) components in the development of some breast cancers. Dominant breast cancer suceptibility genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, appear responsible for about 5% of all breast cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, breast, susceptibility genes | Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified (and prominently publicised). Several other genes (those for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden disease, Muir-Torre syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia) are also known to predispose to breast cancer. However, since all of these known breast cancer susceptibility genes together do not account for more than a minor fraction (1/5th at most) of breast cancer that clusters in families, it is clear that more breast cancer genes remain to be discovered. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer care facilities | Institutions specializing in the care of cancer patients. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer, causes | Cancer is a group of more than 100 different diseases. Benign tumours are not cancer; malignant tumours are cancer. most cancers are named for the type of cell or the organ in which they begin. When cancer spreads (metastasizes), the new tumour has the same name as the original (primary) tumour. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer for both men and women. The second most common cancer in men is prostate cancer, in women it is breast cancer. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer for both men and women in the U.S. Cancer is NOT contagious. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cancer cell | A cell that divides and reproduces abnormally with uncontrolled growth. This cell can break away and travel to other parts of the body and set up another site, referred to as metastasis. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cancer, cervix | Cancer of the entrance to the womb (uterus). Regular pelvic exams and Pap testing can detect precancerous changes in the cervix. Precancerous changes in the cervix may be treated with cryosurgery, cauterization, or laser surgery. The most common symptom of cancer of the cervix is abnormal bleeding. Cancer of the cervix can be diagnosed using a Pap test or other procedures that sample the cervix tissue. Cancer of the cervix requires different treatment than cancer that begins in other parts of the uterus. (12 Dec 1998) |