| citrate intoxication | A toxic condition that may develop during massive replacement therapy with transfused blood that contains citrate as an anticoagulant; the citrate combines with calcium ions and may result in tetany. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| citrate lyase | Citrate (pro-3S)-lyase;an enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate, in the absence of coenzyme A. Synonym: citrase, citratase, citrate aldolase, citridesmolase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citrate permease | <chemical> From lactococcus lactis (26 Jun 1999) |
| citrate synthase | Citrate (si)-synthase;an enzyme catalyzing the condensation of oxaloacetate, water, and acetyl-CoA, forming citrate and coenzyme A; an important step in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Synonym: citrogenase, condensing enzyme, oxaloacetate transacetase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citrated | Containing a citrate; specifically denoting blood serum or milk to which has been added a solution of potassium or sodium citrate, or both. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citrated calcium carbimide | A mixture of two parts citric acid to one part calcium carbimide; in the metabolism of ethanol, it slows the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate; used in the treatment of alcoholism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citric acid | <biochemistry> An important intermediate in the citric acid cycle which breaks down glucose into water and carbon dioxide when oxygen is present. The acid contains three carboxyl groups, has the chemical formula of C6H8O7, and is found in citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit, lemons, etc.). It is used as an antioxidant and as artificial flavouring in commercially-processed foods. (09 Oct 1997) |
| citric acid cycle | <biochemistry> The central feaure of oxidative metabolism. Cyclic reactions whereby acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide providing reducing equivalents (NADH or FADH2) to power the electron transport chain. Also provides intermediates for biosynthetic processes. (16 Dec 1997) |
| citric acid urine test | <investigation> A test which measures the amount of citric acid in the urine. This test is used to diagnose renal tubular acidosis and evaluate those with kidney stones. A below normal level of citric acid in the urine can indicate renal tubular acidosis. Urine citric acid levels can be increased in those with have a high carbohydrate diet, are on oestrogen therapy or vitamin D therapy. (27 Sep 1997) |
| citridesmolase | Citrate (pro-3S)-lyase;an enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate, in the absence of coenzyme A. Synonym: citrase, citratase, citrate aldolase, citridesmolase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citrin | A mixture of bioflavonoids extracted from plants (especially citrus fruits). It reduces the permeability and fragility of capillaries and is useful in the treatment of certain cases of purpura that are resistant to vitamin C therapy. See: hesperidin, quercetin, rutin. Synonym: capillary permeability factor, citrin, permeability vitamin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citrinin | <chemical> 4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-3h-2-benzopyran- 7-carboxylic acid. Antibiotic and mycotoxin from aspergillus niveus and penicillium citrinum. Pharmacological action: antibiotics. Chemical name: 3H-2-Benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4,6-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethyl-6-oxo-, (3R-trans)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| citrobacter | A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbon. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Citrobacter amalonatica | A species found in faeces, soil, water, and sewage; isolated from clinical specimens as an opportunistic pathogen. Synonym: Levinea amalonatica. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Citrobacter diversus | A species found in faeces, soil, water, sewage, and food; isolated from urine, throat, nose, sputum, and wounds; reported in cases of neonatal meningitis. Synonym: Citrobacter koseri, Levinea diversus, Levinea malonatica. (05 Mar 2000) |