| 영문 | systolic pressure | 한글 | 수축기압 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심활동력, 동맥벽의 탄력성, 혈액량, 혈액의 점성 등에 의하여 결정되는 혈액의 동맥벽에 미치는 압력으로서, 최고혈압은 왼심실로부터 박출이 끝나기 직전에 생기는 압을 말하고 최대 혈압 또는 수축기혈압이라 부른다. 최소혈압은 왼심실의 확장이 끝나는 시기에 생기는 혈압을 말하며 최소혈압 또는 확장기혈압이라고 부른다. 평균혈압은 동맥내압의 평균치를 말하며, 기초혈압은 절대안정 상태에서 측정한 혈압을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | fasting blood sugar | 한글 | 공복혈당, 빈속혈당 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액속에 포함되어 있는 포도당. 뇌와 적혈구의 에너지원이 되고, 그 양은 운동, 식사 따위에 의하여 달라진다. 건강인의 아침 공복시 혈중 포도당 농도는 60~100mg/dL이지만 기타의 당질 즉 과당, 갈락토스, 5탄당은 미량이며 일반적으로 혈당일 하면 혈중포도당을 의미한다. 혈당은 생체의 에너지원으로서 가장 중요한 물질이다. 그 농도는 창자관으로부터의 흡수, 간에 있어서의 당신생과 글리코겐의 합성-분해, 말초조직의 당이용, 콩팥으로부터의 배설 등 여러 인자에의해 좌우되며 그 조절에는 자율신경과 각종 호르몬이 밀접하게 관계한다. 특히 혈당저하작용에는 인슐린이, 그리고 혈당상승작용에는 에피네프린, 글루카곤, 성장호르몬, 부신겉질호르몬, 부신겉질자극호르몬, 갑상샘 호르몬이 관계가 있으며 그것들의 대항 및 협조 작용에 의해 혈당치가 조절된다. |
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| 영문 | white blood cell(WBC), leukocyte | 한글 | 백혈구 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액내에 골수구계세포와 림프계세포, 단핵구계세포를 모두 통틀어 말한다. 백혈구의 증가가 있으면 대개 감염이 있거나, 혹은 탈수현상이 있음을 의미한다. 또한 지나친 백혈구수의 감소는 인체내 면역기능이 떨어져 있음을 의미하며, 다른 질병에 의해 나타나는 이차적인 현상이 아닌지 꼭 진단을 받아보아야 한다. |
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| 영문 | whole blood | 한글 | 전혈, 온혈액 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액의 모든 성분이 하나도 제거되지 않은 온전한 혈액. 전혈은 엄격한 무균조건하에서, 선별한 공혈자로부터 채취한 것이며, 구연산 이온이나 헤파린 같은 항응공제로 응고를 방지하여 혈액보충 목적으로 사용한다. |
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| 영문 | blood collection | 한글 | 채혈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 모세관혈 : 혈구수-혈소판수 계산, 혈색소량, 혈구용적측정, 도말표본제작 등을 할때 사용된다. 귓불 또는 손가락끝바닥면을 충분히 마찰한 다음, 알코올로 소독-건조시켜서, 작은 칼 또는 종두침 혹은 1mm의 주사침으로 2~3mm의 깊이까지 찌른다. 맨처음 피방울은 닦아낸 후 다음 핏방울을 검사에 이용한다. 2. 정맥혈 : 대량의 혈액을 요하는 경우에 사용한다. 보통 (팔꿈치정중피부)주정중피정맥을 찌르며, 영유아의 경우에는 외경정맥을 선택하기도 한다. 지혈용 고무줄로 상단을 최저혈압에 상당하는 정도로 묶고, 주먹을 꼭 쥐게 하여 정맥을 노출시킨 후 멸균건조주사기를 혈관내에 삽입한다. 곧 바로 고무줄과 주먹을 풀고 채혈을 한 다음 혈액을 시험관에 넣는다. 2분이상의 정맥 울혈은 혈액성상에 변화를 가져온다. 2. 동맥혈 : 위팔동맥 또는 넙다리 동맥을 사용하여 천자부를 소독한 다음, 프로카인 국소마취를 한다. 채혈자 왼손의 가운데손가락과 둘째손가락으로 동맥을 고정하고, 주사침을 동맥에 45~65℃의 각도로 찔러 넣어 채혈 후 몸쪽동맥을 엄지손가락으로 압박하면서 주사침을 빼고, 그 뒤 5분간쯤 찌른 부위를 압박한다. |
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| LFT | latex fixation test; latex flocculation test; left fronto-transverse [fetal position]; liver functio... |
|---|---|
| LAP | laparoscopy; laparotomy; left arterial pressure; left atrial pressure; leucine aminopeptidase; leuke... |
| CBF | capillary blood flow; cerebral blood flow; ciliary beat frequency; coronary blood flow; cortical blo... |
| HBF | hand blood flow; hemispheric blood flow; hemoglobinuric bilious fever; hepatic blood flow; hypothala... |
| ABP | actin-binding protein; ambulatory blood pressure; American Board of Pedodontics; American Board of P... |
| mean lower low water | <marine biology> The average height of the lower low waters over a 19-year period. For shorter periods of observations, corrections are applied to eliminate known variations and reduce the result to the equivalent of a mean 19-year value. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| mean low water | <marine biology> The average height of the low waters over a 19-year period. For shorter periods of observations, corrections are applied to eliminate known variations and reduce the result to the equivalent of a mean 19-year value. All low-water heights are included in the average where the type of tide is either semidiurnal or mixed. Only the lower low-water heights are included in the average where the type of tide is diurnal. So determined, mean low water in the latter case is the same as mean lower low water. (09 Oct 1997) |
| placenta, low | Location of the placenta in the lower part of the uterus (womb) so that the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix. Also known as a placenta previa. (12 Dec 1998) |
| heparin, low-molecular-weight | <chemical> Heparin fractions with a molecular weight usually between 4000 and 6000 kD. These low-molecular-weight fractions are effective antithrombotic agents. Their administration reduces the risk of haemorrhage, they have a longer half-life, and their platelet interactions are reduced in comparison to unfractionated heparin. They also provide an effective prophylaxis against postoperative major pulmonary embolism. Pharmacological action: anticoagulant, fibrinolytic agent. (12 Dec 1998) |
| infant, low birth weight | An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but infant, very low birth weight is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less. (12 Dec 1998) |
| infant, very low birth weight | An infant having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ear, low-set | A minor anomaly involving an ear situated down below its normal location. Technically, the ear is low-set when the helix (of the ear) meets the cranium at a level below that of a horizontal plane through both inner canthi (the inside corners of the eyes). The presence of 2 or more minor anomalies in a child increases the probability that the child has a major malformation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| kininogen, low-molecular-weight | A protein, molecular weight 50 kD, located in various normal tissues. Upon cleavage by kallikrein or other kallikreins, it forms kallidin. Kallidin, in turn, is converted into bradykinin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| low | 1. Occupying an inferior position or place; not high or elevated; depressed in comparison with something else; as, low ground; a low flight. 2. Not rising to the usual height; as, a man of low stature; a low fence. 3. Near the horizon; as, the sun is low at four o'clock in winter, and six in summer. 4. Sunk to the farthest ebb of the tide; as, low tide. 5. Beneath the usual or remunerative rate or amount, or the ordinary value; moderate; cheap; as, the low price of corn; low wages. 6. Not loud; as, a low voice; a low sound. 7. Depressed in the scale of sounds; grave; as, a low pitch; a low note. 8. Made, as a vowel, with a low position of part of the tongue in relation to the palate; as, (m), (all). 9. Near, or not very distant from, the equator; as, in the low northern latitudes. 10. Numerically small; as, a low number. 11. Wanting strength or animation; depressed; dejected; as, low spirits; low in spirits. 12. Depressed in condition; humble in rank; as, men of low condition; the lower classes. "Why but to keep ye low and ignorant ?" (Milton) 13. Mean; vulgar; base; dishonorable; as, a person of low mind; a low trick or stratagem. 14. Not elevated or sublime; not exalted or diction; as, a low comparison. "In comparison of these divine writers, the noblest wits of the heathen world are low and dull." (Felton) 15. Submissive; humble. "Low reverence." 16. Deficient in vital energy; feeble; weak; as, a low pulse; made low by sickness. 17. Moderate; not intense; not inflammatory; as, low heat; a low temperature; a low fever. 18. Smaller than is reasonable or probable; as, a low estimate. 19. Not rich, high seasoned, or nourishing; plain; simple; as, a low diet. Low is often used in the formation of compounds which require no special explanation; as, low-arched, low- browed, low-crowned, low-heeled, low-lying, low-priced, low-roofed, low-toned, low-voiced, and the like. Low Church. See High Church, under High. Low Countries, the Netherlands. Low German, Low Latin, etc. See German, Latin, etc. Low life, humble life. Low milling, a process of making flour from grain by a single grinding and by siftings. Low relief. See Bas-relief. <medicine> Low side window, a contrivance of various forms attached to a boiler for giving warning when the water is low. Low water mark, that part of the shore to which the waters recede when the tide is the lowest. Low wine, a liquor containing about 20 percent of alcohol, produced by the first distillation of wash; the first run of the still; often in the plural. Origin: OE. Low, louh, lah, Icel. Lagr; akin to Sw. Lag, Dan. Lav, D. Laag, and E. Lie. See Lie to be prostrate. 1. In a low position or manner; not aloft; not on high; near the ground. 2. Under the usual price; at a moderate price; cheaply; as, he sold his wheat low. 3. In a low mean condition; humbly; meanly. 4. In time approaching our own. "In that part of the world which was first inhabited, even as low down as Abraham's time, they wandered with their flocks and herds." (Locke) 5. With a low voice or sound; not loudly; gently; as, to speak low. "The . . . Odourous wind Breathes low between the sunset and the moon." (Tennyson) 6. With a low musical pitch or tone. "Can sing both high and low." (Shak) 7. In subjection, poverty, or disgrace; as, to be brought low by oppression, by want, or by vice. 8. <astronomy> In a path near the equator, so that the declination is small, or near the horizon, so that the altitude is small; said of the heavenly bodies with reference to the diurnal revolution; as, the moon runs low, that is, is comparatively near the horizon when on or near the meridian. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| low-activation materials | <radiobiology> In fission reactors, one is forced to deal with the radioactive byproducts of the fission process, but in fusion reactors one generally has a choice of what materials to expose to neutrons produced by the fusion process. A major problem for fusion reactors is developing materials (such as for the reactor vacuum vessel structure) which can be exposed to high levels of neutron bombardment without becoming permanently radioactive. Candidate structural materials which have relatively low induced radiactivation (generally relative to stainless steel) are known as low-activation materials, these include titanium, vanadium, and silicon-carbide. (09 Oct 1997) |
| low affinity platelet factor IV | Cytokine, produced from platelet basic protein, that acts as a growth factor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| low aspect ratio | <physics> An aspect ratio for a torus that is small (minor radius is almost as big as major radius). There are many fusion devices which are designed to have a low aspect ratio. Such devices look more like tractor tires than bicycle tires, as toruses go. There are reasons to believe that low aspect ratio devices will offer some advantages for a fusion reactor. Usually, ease of theoretical and/or numerical analysis is not one of these advantages. (16 Mar 1998) |
| low back pain | A continuous pain in the lower back or lumbar region. (12 Dec 1998) |
| low-calorie diet | A diet of 1,200 calories or less per day. (05 Mar 2000) |
| low convex | The segment of a sphere of long radius. (05 Mar 2000) |