| 영문 | reproductive system | 한글 | 생식기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1.남성생식계통: 남성생식기는 정자(sperm)를 생성하는 고환과 정자의 성숙, 운반, 그리고 사정에 관여하는 부고환, 정관, 음경(penis) 등으로 이루어져 있으며, 부속기관으로 외분비샘인 정낭(seminal vesicle), 전립샘(prostate), 요도망물샘(bulbourethral gland, Cowper’s gland) 등을 갖추고 있다. 고환은 정자를 생산하는 생식샘인 동시에 남성호르몬(testosterone)을 분비하는 내분비샘이다. 고환에서 분비되는 남성호르몬은 정자생성과 생식기의 발달 및 유지에 필수적인 역할을 하므로 남성생식기능의 원천은 고환에 있다고 볼 수 있다. 2.여성생식계통: 여성생식기는 난자를 생성하는 난소와 난자를 자궁으로 운반하는 난관, 그리고 자궁과 질로 이루어져 있으며 외분비선인 바르톨린샘를 갖추고 있다. 난소는 난자를 생성하는 생식샘인 동시에 여성호르몬을 분비케하는 내분비샘이다. 월경주기 전반부에 난자를 생성시키기위해 성숙되고 있는 난포에서 분비되는 에스트로겐은 여성 2차 성징의 발달을 관장할 뿐 아니라 자궁내막을 장차 수정될 수정란이 착상하기에 알맞은 상태로 만들어준다. 난자가 분비되고 남은 황체에서 분비되는 푸로게스테론은 자궁내막을 붓도록 하면 분비액을 증가시키며 자궁근의 수축을 방해하여 임신시 임신을 지속시키는 역할을 한다. |
||
| 영문 | birth trauma | 한글 | 출산외상, 분만외상 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 분만의 과정에서 받은, 또는 그것에 의해 신생아에게 끼친 상해. 정신분석학에서는 아기가 태어날 때에 경험한다고 생각되는 심적 손상이나 두려움. 인간이 갖는 불안의 원형이라고 한다. |
||
| 영문 | birth weight | 한글 | 출생체중 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 재태주수에 관계없이 출생시에서의 신생아 체중. 남녀 모두 약 반수가 3,000~3,500g에 포함된다. 2,500g 이하(빈도 7%)를 미숙아(WHO, 1951년)로 했는데, 1961년 이 조건에 해당하는 아기를 저출생체중아(2,500~1,500g)로 명명하도록 권고하고 있다. 그 밖에 1,500g 미만을 극소미숙아, 1,000g 미만을 초미숙아로 부른다. 4,000g 이상(빈도 3%)를 거대아라고 한다. 재태기간 주수에서의 출생시 평균체중이 2kg 이내인 아기를 영어로 AFD(appropriate for dates)아, 1,5kg 이하를 SED(small for dates)아 또는 LED(light for dates)아, 1,5kg 이상의 것을 LFD(large for dates)아 또는 HFD(heavy for dates)아로 부른다. 현재 LFD, HFD를 사용하도록 WHO가 권고하고 있다. |
||
| VACTERL | vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, cardiac abnormalities, tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esoph... |
|---|---|
| CAP | camptodactyly-arthropathy-pericarditis [syndrome]; Canada Assistance Plan; capsule; captopril; catab... |
| VATER | vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia |
| PP | 1) Presenting Part 2) Plasma-Pheresis 3) Pancreatic Polype... |
| ART | absolute retention time; Accredited Record Technician; acoustic reflex test; algebraic reconstructio... |
| pervasive developmental disorder | A class of mental disorders of infancy, childhood, or adolescence characterised by distortions in the development of the multiple basic psychological functions involved in the development of social skills and language. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| Streeter's developmental horizon | A term borrowed from geology and archeology by Streeter to define 23 developmental stages in young human embryos, from fertilization through the first 2 months; each horizon spanned 2 to 3 days and emphasized specific anatomic characteristics, to avoid discrepancies in the determination of age and body dimensions. Origin: G.L. Streeter (05 Mar 2000) |
| delay, developmental | Behind schedule in reaching milestones of early childhood development. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Denver Developmental Screening Test | A scale used by psychologists and paediatricians to assess the developmental, intellectual, motor, and social maturity of children at any age level from birth to adolescence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental age | Age estimated by anatomic development since implantation, the degree of anatomic, physiologic, mental, and emotional maturation. Synonym: foetal age. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental anatomy | Anatomy of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adulthood; includes embryology, fetology, and postnatal development. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental anomaly | An anomaly established during intrauterine life; a congenital anomaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental biology | <study> The study of how a multicellular organism develops from its early immature forms (zygote, larva, embryo, etc.) into an adult. (09 Oct 1997) |
| developmental brain tumours | <radiology> 1% of all brain tumours, germ-cell tumours, epidermoid more than dermoid more than > Teratoma, usually midline, craniopharyngioma, colloid cyst, lipoma, hamartoma (12 Dec 1998) |
| developmental delay | Behind schedule in reaching milestones of early childhood development. (12 Dec 1998) |
| developmental disabilities | Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (12 Dec 1998) |
| developmental disability | Loss of function brought on by prenatal and postnatal events in which the predominant disturbance is in the acquisition of cognitive, language, motor, or social skills; e.g., mental retardation, autistic disorder, learning disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental grooves | Fine lines found in the enamel of a tooth that mark the junction of the lobes of the crown in its development. Synonym: developmental lines. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental lines | Fine lines found in the enamel of a tooth that mark the junction of the lobes of the crown in its development. Synonym: developmental lines. (05 Mar 2000) |
| developmental milestones | <paediatrics> (1-3 years) In ascending order: masters walking, recognises gender differences, uses up to 8 words and understands simple commands, able to run, pivot and walk backwards, uses spoon to feed self, can name pictures of common objects, can point to body parts, imitates speech of others, begins pedaling tricycle, learns to take turns in play with other children, able to feed self neatly with minimal spill, able to say first and last name, able to draw a line when shown, dresses self with minimal help, learns to share toys without parent direction (12-18 years) In ascending order: boys exhibit secondary sexual characteristics (chest, facial, axillary and pubic hair growth voice changes, penile enlargement), movement into adult height/weight category, cognitive abilities move from simply concrete to abstract, peer acceptance and recognition is vital (3-6 years) In ascending order: rides tricycle well, able to draw a circle, able to draw stick figures, hops on one foot, catches a bounced ball, understands size concepts, enjoys rhymes and word play, able to skip, increased independence in performing tasks without parental assistance, begins to ride bicycle, understands time concepts, begins to recognise written words, starts reading skills, starts school (6-12 years) In ascending order: understands and is able to follow sequential directions, beginning skills for team sports, begins to lose baby teeth and erupt permanent teeth, reading skills develop further, peer recognition becomes important, girls begin to demonstrate secondary sexual characteristics (pubic hair, axillary hair, breast development), first menstrual period may occur (birth-1 year) In ascending order: displays social smile, rolls over by self, able to sit alone without support, babbling, plays peek-a-boo, eruption of first tooth, pulls self to standing position, walks while holding on to furniture or other support, says mama or dada in proper situations, able to drink from cup, understands NO and will stop activity in response, walks without support (27 Sep 1997) |