| 영문 | cell-mediated immunity | 한글 | 세포매개면역 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 면역이란 신체를 외부의 물질로부터 보호하는 행위를 말한다. 여기에는 특이적 면역과 비특이적 면역의 두 가지가 있다. 비특이적 면역이라함은 특정한 물질에 관계하는 면역이 아니라 특정 대상이 없이 모든 외부 물체에 작용할 수 있는 면역을 말한다. 여기에는 소변의 흐름, 눈물의 흐름, 피부의 비투과성 등의 기계적인 것도 포함되고 피속에 돌아다니는 세포 중에서 비특이적으로 외부의 물질을 포식하는 세포들(예를 들면 큰포식세포(macrophage)의 활동도 포함이 된다. 세포매개면역이란 특이한 물질을 감지할 수 있는 세포를 생성하게 하여 그것으로 하여금 그 물질을 포식하게 하는 것을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| MC | mass casualties; mast cell; Master of Surgery [Lat. Magister Chirurgiae]; maximum concentration; Med... |
|---|---|
| TWBC | total white blood cells; total white blood count |
| WM | Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; ward manager; warm and moist; Wernicke-Mann [hemiplegia]; wet mount; ... |
| GC | ganglion cell; gas chromatography; general circulation; general closure; general condition; generali... |
| ACCESS | Ambulatory Care Clinic Effectiveness Systems Study; automated cervical cell screening system |
| differential diagnosis | The determination of which two or more diseases with similar symptoms is the one from which a patient is suffering from based on an analysis of the clinical data. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| differential display PCR | Method of image formation in the light microscope based on the method proposed by Nomarski (though strictly speaking all forms of optical microscopy rely to a greater or lesser extent on differential interference). The light beam is split by a Wollaston prism in the condenser, to form slightly divergent beams polarized at right angles. One passes through the specimen (and is retarded if the refractive index is greater) and one through the background nearby: the two are recombined in a second Wollaston prism in the objective and interfere to form an image. The image is spuriously three dimensional the nucleus, for example: appears to stand out above the cell (or be hollowed out) because it has a higher refractive index than the cytoplasm. The Nomarski system has the advantage that there is no phase halo, but the contrast is low and image formation with crowded cells is poor because the background does not differ from the specimen. (18 Nov 1997) |
| differential equation | <epidemiology> The mathematical formulation corresponding to a continuous model; an equation involving derivatives. (05 Dec 1998) |
| differential gene expression | Gene expression that responds to signals or triggers; a means of gene regulation; e.g., effects of certain hormones on protein biosynthesis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential growth | Different rates of growth in associated tissues or structures; used especially in embryology when the differences in growth rates result in changing the original proportions or relations. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential interference contrast | <technique> A mode of contrast generation in microscopy that yields an image with a shadow relief. The relief reflects the gradient of optical path difference. Differential Interference Contrast, which is a form of interferenc microscopy that uses polarizing beam splitters, can be of the Smith or Nomarski type. Acronym: DIC (05 Aug 1998) |
| differential manometer | Any device that indicates the difference in pressure between two fluids, regardless of any changes in their absolute pressures. Mercurial manometer, an manometer in which the varying pressures are shown by differences of elevation in a column of mercury. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential medium | A medium which is used to differentiate different types of microorganisms based on their different colours or colony shapes. Examples of differential media are: Macconkey's agar and SS agar. (09 Oct 1997) |
| differential renal function test | A study performed to determine various functional parameters of one kidney compared to the contralateral kidney; ureteral catheters are inserted at cystoscopy into the ureter or renal pelvis bilaterally, and simultaneous measurements are made of urine flow rate, insulin, or PAH (if infused), endogenous creatinine, or various urinary solutes. Synonym: differential renal function test, split renal function test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential screening | Process in development of a multicellular organism by which cells become specialised for particular functions. Requires that there is selective expression of portions of the genome, the fully differentiated state may be preceded by a stage in which the cell is already programmed for differentiation but is not yet expressing the characteristic phenotype determination. (18 Nov 1997) |
| differential spinal anaesthesia | A form of diagnostic spinal anaesthesia producing blockade of different types of nerves in the subarachnoid space, based upon their differences in sensitivity to local anaesthetics; also observed during surgical spinal anaesthesia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential stain | <technique> A dye used to colour one portion of a tissue or cell which remained unaffected when the other part was stained by a dye of different colour. Synonym: differential stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| differential thermal analysis | Technique by which phase transitions of chemical reactions can be followed by observation of the heat absorbed or liberated. (12 Dec 1998) |
| differential thermometer | <instrument, physics> An instrument for indicating changes of temperature without indicating the degree of heat by which it is affected; especially, an instrument contrived by Count Rumford which, as modified by Professor Leslie, was afterward called the differential thermometer. Origin: Thermo- + -scope. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| differential threshold | The smallest difference which can be discriminated between two stimuli or one which is barely above the threshold. (12 Dec 1998) |