| aldohexose | A 6-carbon sugar characterised by the (potential) presence of an aldehyde group in the molecule; e.g., glucose, galactose. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| aldoketomutase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldol | See: aldol condensation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldol condensation | Formation of an aldol (a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound) from two carbonyl compounds; the reverse reaction is an aldol cleavage; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase catalyses such a reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldolase | <biochemistry, enzyme> In glycolysis, aldolase is responsible for cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two3-carbon molecules, dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.This is done via the formation of a protonated Schiff base at a specificlysine residue. (06 May 1997) |
| aldonate lactonohydrolase | <enzyme> Hydrolyzes aldonate lactones to aldonic acids; also acts on aromatic lactones such as dihydrocoumarin and homogentisic-acid lactone Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| aldonic acids | Monosaccharide derivatives in which the aldehyde group has been oxidised to a carboxyl group. They may form lactones (e.g., galactonic acid). Synonym: glyconic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldopentose | A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, of which one is a (potential) aldehyde group; e.g., ribose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldoril | <drug> A drug combination of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide, for the treatment of high blood pressure. (09 Oct 1997) |
| aldose | <chemistry> Any monosaccharide sugar that contains an aldehyde group (-CHO). (06 May 1997) |
| aldose 1-epimerase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose mutarotase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of alpha-and beta-aldoses (e.g., alpha-and beta-d-glucose); also acts on l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-galactose, maltose, and lactose. Synonym: aldose mutarotase, mutarotase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose reductase | A polyol dehydrogenase (NADP+);an oxidoreductase that reversibly converts aldoses to alditols (e.g., glucose to sorbitol) with NADPH as hydrogen donor. An important step in the metabolism of sorbitol and in the formation of diabetic cataracts. See: d-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldose reductase inhibitor | <pharmacology> A class of drugs being studied as a way to prevent eye and nerve damage in people with diabetes. Aldose reductase is an enzyme that is normally present in the eye and in many other parts of the body. It helps change glucose (sugar) into a sugar alcohol called sorbitol. Too much sorbitol trapped in eye and nerve cells can damage these cells, leading to retinopathy and neuropathy. Drugs that prevent or slow (inhibit) the action of aldose reductase are being studied as a way to prevent or delay these complications of diabetes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| aldose-ketose isomerases | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldoses and ketoses. Registry number: EC 5.3.1 (12 Dec 1998) |