| malic acid | HOOC-CH2-CHOH-COOH; hydroxysuccinic acid;an acid found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and in a shuttle system. Synonym: monohydroxysuccinic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| malic acid dehydrogenase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of (s)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. Chemical name: (S)-Malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.1.1.37 (12 Dec 1998) |
| Mallory's phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stain | A stain with broad application in cytology and histology; nuclei, mitochrondria, fibrin, neuroglial fibrils, and cross-striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle stain blue; cartilage ground substance, bone reticulum, and elastin appear in shades of yellow-orange and brownish red; also useful for demonstrating abnormal or diseased astrocytes, often in combination with periodic acid-Schiff stain and Luxol fast blue. Synonym: Mallory's phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pantoic acid | 2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid;hOCH2C(CH3)2CHOH-COOH, the beta-alanine amide of which is pantothenic acid; a coenzyme A precursor. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pantothenic acid | <chemical> Chemical name: beta-Alanine, N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-, (R)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| malonic acid | HOOC-CH2-COOH;a dicarboxylic acid of importance in intermediary metabolism; an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Synonym: propanedioic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| malonyl-CoA-anthranilic acid N-malonyltransferase | <enzyme> From peanuts Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: anthranilic acid n-malonyltransferase, aa malonyltransferase, malonyl-coenzyme a-anthranilic acid n-malonyltransferase (26 Jun 1999) |
| paraaminobenzoic acid | A factor in the vitamin B complex, a part of all folic acids and required for its formation; neutralises the bacteriostatic effects of the sulfonamides since it furnishes an essential growth factor for bacteria, the utilization with which the sulfonamides interfere; used as an ultraviolet screen in lotions and creams. Synonym: paraaminobenzoic acid, vitamin Bx. Acronym: PABA (05 Mar 2000) |
| parabanic acid | The cyclic (end-to-end) amide anhydride of oxaluric acid; an oxidation product of uric acid. Synonym: oxalourea, parabanic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mandelic acid | C6H5CHOHCOOH;a urinary antibacterial agent (both bactericidal and bacteriostatic). Synonym: hydroxytoluic acid, phenylglycolic acid. Origin: Ger. Mandel, almond (05 Mar 2000) |
| general acid-base catalysis | A catalytic reaction that involves the tranfer of a proton to or from anon-water molecule. (09 Oct 1997) |
| mannuronic acid | Uronic acid derived from the oxidation of mannose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| receptors, amino acid | Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behaviour of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and gaba and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, kainic acid | Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels. Kainic acid receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist kainic acid. Activation of kainic acid receptors is generally excitatory to cells. Subtypes have been cloned, and for some the traditional distinction from ampa receptors may not apply. (12 Dec 1998) |
| veratric acid | C9H10O4; 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoic acid;obtained by methylation and subsequent oxidation of protocatechuic acid; present in the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinale (Sabadilla officinarum). (05 Mar 2000) |